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PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
Fiscal Sophistication in the Moscow Legal Profession: the Unlawfulness of Establishing Mandatory Monthly Deductions Levied by the Advocate`s Chamber from Lawyers Who Have Suspended their Status
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the decision of the Conference of the Advocate`s Chamber of Moscow on the introduction of mandatory monthly deductions from lawyers with suspended status. It proves its contradiction to the principles of fairness, proportionality, non-discrimination and legal certainty. The conclusion is made about the illegality of measures that undermine the essence of the institution of suspended status and violate the rights of more than 2000 lawyers.
Keywords: Initiative 2018, advocacy, lawyer, lawyer's rights, Federal Chamber of Advocates, Advocate`s Chamber, Advocate`s Chamber of Moscow
Список источников / References
1.https://www.advokatymoscow.ru/advocate/docs/conferences/14583/.
2.https://www.minjust.gov.ru/ru/pages/advokaty-rossijskoj-federacii/.
3.https://fparf.ru/practical-information/statistics/svedeniya-o-sostave-advokatskogo-soobshchestva-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-za-2023-god/?ysclid=m9hrptdg66984136068.
4.https://www.advokatymoscow.ru/press/news/14247/.
5.https://www.advokatymoscow.ru/press/news/14560/.
6.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obraschenie-pravleniya-mezhregionalnoy-obschestvennoy-organizatsii-advokatov-i-yuristov-initsiativa-2018-v-organy-organizatsii.
7.https://www.advokatymoscow.ru/advocate/activity/hr/6096/.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
Some Issues of Regulation of the Institution of Suspension of the Advocate’s Status in the Light of Decisions of the Moscow City Bar Association
BALDANTSEREN Amgalan
Advocate, Independent Researcher of Problems on the Russian Legal Profession
119002, Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek lane, 43, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article is devoted to research of by 23th Conference of advocates of Moscow city bar chamber adopted in 04 April, 2025 decision on mandatory payments of advocates who have an suspended status of advocates for compliance to law on the legal profession and bar, to the Chapter of non-governing non-commercial organization «The Moscow city bar chamber», international standards and norms regulated legal profession. It was made the conclusion that bodies of Moscow city bar chamber adopted a decision with excess of their authority, through violation of advocates rights, current legislation, aims of the Chapter of the organization, international standards and norms on legal profession.
Keywords: the legal profession, the advocate, duties and responsibilities of advocates, suspended status, Federal Law-63, The UN Basic principles on the role of lawyers, the authorities of bodies of the bar chamber.
References
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2.Kupryashina E.A., Bondar` O.N. Ob osnovaniyax priostanovleniya i lisheniya statusa advokata [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ob-osnovaniyah-priostanovleniya-i-lisheniya-statusa-advokata.
3.Osnovny`e principy` OON, kasayushhiesya roli yuristov. Prinyaty` Vos`my`m kongressom OON po preduprezhdeniyu prestupnosti i obrashheniyu s pravonarushitelyami (27.08.1990–07.09.1990. Gavana, Kuba, N`yu-Jork, SShA) / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo MKYu № 1. /Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo MKYu № 1. Mezhdunarodny`e principy`, kasayushhiesya nezavisimosti i podotchetnosti sudej, advokatov i prokurorov. Vtoraya redakciya. Podgotovleno Xose Zejtunom. Perevod na russkij yazy`k osushhestvlen pod obshhej redakciej T.R.Shakirova. Zheneva, 2013. S. 89–94.
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6.Reglament provedeniya Obshhego sobraniya chlenov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy` po izbraniyu delegatov na Dvadczat` tret`yu ezhegodnuyu konferenciyu advokatov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy`. Utverzhden Resheniem Soveta Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy` № 338 ot 19.12.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.Advocatymoscow.ru/advocate/activity/information.
7.Reshenie 23-j ezhegodnoj konferencii advokatov AP g. Moskvy` ot 04.04.2025 o ezhemesyachny`x otchisleniyax advokatov, chej status priostanovlen, na obshhie nuzhdy` APg.M v razmere 950 rublej [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.advocatymascow.ru/advocate/docs/conferences/14583/.
8.https://aprt17.ru/documents/o-poryadke-priostanovleniya-i-vozobnovleniya-statusa-advokata/.
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12.Ustav Negosudarstvennoj nekommercheskoj organizacii «Advokatskaya palata goroda Moskvy`». Utverzhden Dvadczat` pervoj ezhegodnoj konferenciej advokatov Advokatskoj palaty` g.  Moskvy` 07.04.2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=MLAW&n=236886#qOd49kUERQZk9UnK3.
13.Poryadok izbraniya delegatov na Dvadczat` tret`yu ezhegodnuyu konferenciyu advokatov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy`. Utverzhden Resheniem Soveta Advokatskoj palaty` g.  Moskvy` № 339 ot 19.12.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: clck.ru/3MXqfh.
14.Reglament provedeniya Obshhego sobraniya chlenov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy` po izbraniyu delegatov na Dvadczat` tret`yu ezhegodnuyu konferenciyu advokatov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy`. Utverzhden Resheniem Soveta Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy` № 339 ot 19.12.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: clck.ru/3MXqfh.
15.https://www.advokatymoscow.ru/advocate/activity/info/14639/.
16.Reshenie Soveta AP g. Moskvy` № 338 ot 19.12.2024 «O sozy`ve Dvadczat` tret`ej ezhegodnoj konferencii advokatov Advokatskoj palaty` g. Moskvy`» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.advocatymascow.ru/advocate/docs/conferences/14583/.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
The Day Democracy Became «Harmful»: the «Negative Evolution» of Priorities of the Guild of the Russian Lawyers
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines some aspects of the transformation of the Guild of Russian Lawyers from an independent public association to a structure de facto loyal to the Federal Chamber of Advocates and the state agenda. Based on the personal experience of the author and the analysis of public statements by the Gasan Mirzoev, internal conflicts caused by a deviation from human rights and democratic principles are revealed. The conclusion is drawn about a politically motivated reorientation of the Guild of the Russian Lawyers, which indicates a general crisis of independence of law institutions in modern Russia.
Keywords: Initiative 2018, advocacy, lawyer, lawyer’s rights, Federal Chamber of Advocates, Advocate`s Chamber, Guild of the Russian Lawyers
References
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53.Ragulin A.V. Advokat Dmitrij Talantov – laureat mezhdunarodnoj premii imeni Lyudovika Trar`e v oblasti prav cheloveka 2025 // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2025. № 1 (72) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/advokat-dmitriy-talantov-laureat-mezhdunarodnoy-premii-imeni-lyudovika-trarie-v-oblasti-prav-cheloveka-2025-1.
54.Ragulin A.V. Sudebny`e spory` i social`ny`e modeli sovremennoj rossijskoj advokatury`: otvety` i voprosy` vice-prezidentu Federal`noj palaty` advokatov Rossijskoj Federacii // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2020. № 5 (48) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sudebnye-spory-i-sotsialnye-modeli-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvety-i-voprosy-vitse-prezidentu-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov.
55.Ragulin A.V. Reshenie suda po «sekretnomu isku» advokata A.R. Ramaldanova k Federal`noj palate advokatov Rossijskoj Federacii: «nezakonnost`» i «pozitivnoe soderzhanie» // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2020. № 3 (46) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/reshenie-suda-po-sekretnomu-isku-advokata-a-r-ramaldanova-k-federalnoy-palate-advokatov-rossiyskoy-federatsii-nezakonnost-i.
56.Ragulin A.V. Traktat ob Obrashhenii 32-x, principax, diskriminacii i demokratii v rossijskoj advokature: monografiya / predisl.: G.B. Mirzoev, poslesl.: A.V. Vorob`ev. M.: Rossijskaya akademiya advokatury` i notariata, Evrazijskij nauchno-issledovatel`skij institut problem prava, 2019 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.eurasian-advocacy.ru/vse-novosti/2410-monografiya-doktora-yuridicheskikh-nauk-prorektora-rossijskoj-akademii-advokatury-i-notariata-vitse-prezidenta-gildii-rossijskikh-advokatov-glavnogo-redaktora-zhurnala-evrazijskaya-advokatura-a-v-ragulina-traktat-ob-obrashchenii-32-kh-printsipakh.
57.Ragulin A.V., Shavin V.A., Mel`nichenko R.G. Popravki Federal`noj palaty` advokatov v Kodeks professional`noj e`tiki advokata: ustranyaya stary`e oshibki, nel`zya sovershat` novy`x! // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2020. № 6 (49) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/popravki-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov-v-kodeks-professionalnoy-etiki-advokata-ustranyaya-starye-oshibki-nelzya-sovershat-novyh.
58.Sotnikov D.V. Gil`diya i drugie «cexovy`e bashni» na ploshhadi advokatury` // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2021. № 5 (54) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gildiya-i-drugie-tsehovye-bashni-na-ploschadi-advokatury.
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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DISCIPLINARY RESPONSIBILITY OF ADVOCATES
The Legal Ethics of a Lawyer in the Muslim Legal Culture
SEMINA Ekaterina Vitalievna
Lawyer of «Economy and Law» Moscow Bar Association, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Fundamental Jurisprudence and International Law of the Russian University of Advocacy and Notaries
105120, Moscow, Malyi Polujaroslavsky per., 3/5, p. 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The author draws attention to the relevance of improving the legal culture of a modern lawyer, models its structure to identify differences with lawyers from other legal systems, and considers the possibility of integrating elements of the legal ethics of the Muslim legal system into Russian legal culture. To this end, it is proposed to study the moral canons of this profession from the perspective of Islamic legal culture, the degree of influence of Sharia on professional ethics, spiritual content and daily life of its representative lawyer, to identify positive trends with a view to their possible accumulation in the professional ethical standards of the Russian lawyer.
Keywords: legal culture, Sharia, Muslim legal system, Islamic lawyer, legal ethics, acculturation
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PROTECTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL RIGHTS OF A LAWYER
On the Issue About Criticizing of the Approach to the Duty to Exercise Decisions of Bar Self-Governing Bodies as Professional Duties of Lawyers
BALDANTSEREN Amgalan
Advocate, Independent Researcher of Problems on the Russian Legal profession
119002, Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek lane, 43, Russian Federation
Abstract: During analysis of Russian advocate’s duties determined by the Federal Law «On the Advocacy and the Bar in Russian Federation» and the Code of professional ethics of the advocate through comparing their norms between themselves, with UN Basic principles on the role of lawyers, the author could conclude that exercising decisions of bar self-governing bodies is not related to professional duties of advocates and not according to the UN Basic principles on the role of lawyers.
Keywords: the exercising decisions of bar self-governing bodies, professional duties of advocates; corporate rights of advocates, the code of professional ethics of the advocate, the legislation on the legal profession and the bar in Russian Federation, The UN Basic principles on the role of lawyers
References
1.Baldancze`re`n A. Ob «e`ffekte vrashhayushhixsya dverej» kak maloizuchennoj forme diskriminacii advokatov // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2022. № 3 (58). S. 19.
2.Baldancze`re`n A. K voprosu o konflikte interesov i diskriminacii advokatov organami korporativnogo upravleniya rossijskoj advokatury` // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2021. № 4 (53).
3.Baldancze`re`n A. Diskriminaciya advokatov (na primere reshenij organov advokatskogo samoupravleniya, prinyaty`x pomimo voli advokatov) // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2021. № 3 (52). S. 33–40.
4.Baldancze`re`n A. Analiz sootvetstviya advokatury` v Rossijskoj Federacii osnovny`m principam Organizacii Ob``edinenny`x Nacij, kasayushhimsya roli yuristov: na angl. yaz. // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2025. № 1 (72). S. 45.
5.Osnovny`e principy` OON, kasayushhiesya roli yuristov. Prinyaty` Vos`my`m kongressom OON po preduprezhdeniyu prestupnosti i obrashheniyu s pravonarushitelyami (27.08.1990–07.09.1990. Gavana, Kuba, N`yu-Jork, SShA) / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo MKYu № 1 / Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo MKYu № 1. Mezhdunarodny`e principy`, kasayushhiesya nezavisimosti i podotchetnosti sudej, advokatov i prokurorov. Vtoraya redakciya / podgotovleno Xose Zejtunom; perev. na rus. yaz. pod obshh. red. T.R. Shakirova. Zheneva, 2013. S. 89–94.
6.Ragulin A.V. Traktat ob Obrashhenii 32-x, principax, diskriminacii i demokratii v rossijskoj advokature: monografiya. M: RAAN: Evrazijskij nauchno-issledovatel`skij institut problem prava, 2019 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.eurasian-advocacy.ru/vse-novosti/2410.
7.Zayavlenie Pravleniya MROOAiYu «Iniciativa 2018» o zakonoproekte 301952-8 // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2024. № 2 (67).
8.Zayavlenie Special`nogo dokladchika OON po voprosu o polozhenii v oblasti prav cheloveka v Rossijskoj Federacii i Special`nogo dokladchika OON po voprosu o nezavisimosti sudej i advokatov v otnoshenii proekta popravok k zakonu «Ob advokatskoj deyatel`nosti i advokature v Rossijskoj Federacii» (№ 301952-8) // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2024. № 2 (67) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zayavlenie-spetsialnogo-dokladchika-oon-po-voprosu-o-polozhenii-v-oblasti-prav-cheloveka-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-spetsialnogo.
9.Deklaraciya L. Singvi // Draft Universal Declaration on the Independence of Justice/E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18/Add.5/Rev. 1. (Na angl. yaz.).
10.Zayavlenie Pravleniya Mezhregional`noj obshhestvennoj organizacii advokatov i yuristov «Iniciativa 2018» «O predlagaemy`x Federal`noj palatoj advokatov popravkax v Kodeks professional`noj e`tiki advokata» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zayavlenie-pravleniya-mezhregionalnoy-obschestvennoy-organizatsii-advokatov-i-yuristov-initsiativa-2018-o-predlagaemyh-federalnoy.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Law vs Legality
KOSTANOV Yuri Artemjevich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of the Moscow Bar Association «Bar Partnership»
105005, Moscow, per. Pleteshkovsky, 3A, corp. 1-31, Russian Federation
Abstract: In the article presented to the readers, the author argues that in a country with an abundance of laws, it has not been possible to establish a stable rule of law for a long time. The three branches of government do not balance each other due to the imbalance of powers. The author exposes the «hot spots» of law enforcement in the field of criminal justice and shows possible ways, in his opinion, to eliminate the imperfections of laws. The author believes that law and law are not the same thing. Laws become legal (and therefore the observance of laws can be identified with legality) when the government realizes the simple truth that the law is the self-limitation of power, that the law is as binding on power in all its guises as it is for every citizen.
Keywords: legality, the law, the practice of applying the law, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, advocacy, law practice
References
1.Kostanov Yu.A., Larin Yu.A. O spravedlivom zakone i porochnoj sudebnoj praktike // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina. 2025. № 3 (127) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-spravedlivom-zakone-i-porochnoy-sudebnoy-praktike.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
The Review of the Article by Lawyers Yuri Artemyevich Kostanov and Yuri Alexandrovich Larin «On Fair Law and Flawed Judicial Practice»
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The review article examines the scholarly work by lawyers Yu.A. Kostanov and Yu.A. Larin, which is dedicated to criticizing the law enforcement practice related to the classification of unfinished crimes in Russian criminal law. The reviewer supports the authors’ position, highlighting the legal soundness of their arguments and the significance of the issues raised. Special attention is given to the discrepancy between the literal meaning of Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and its interpretation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which leads to violations of the principles of justice, legality, and human rights. The article by Yu.A. Kostanov and Yu.A. Larin stands out as a profound academic reflection and an important contribution to the development of criminal legislation and judicial practice.
Keywords: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, legal profession, lawyer, punishment, categories of crimes, punishment for unfinished crimes, judicial error, law enforcement practice
References
1.Kostanov Yu.A., Larin Yu.A. O spravedlivom zakone i porochnoj sudebnoj praktike // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina. 2025. № 3 (127) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-spravedlivom-zakone-i-porochnoy-sudebnoy-praktike .
2.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 21 oktyabrya 2008 g. № 489-o-o «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zhaloby` grazhdanina Krupeczkogo Sergeya L`vovicha na narushenie ego konstitucionny`x prav stat`ej 15 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://sudbiblioteka.ru/ks/docdelo_ks/konstitut_big_5825.htm

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Mediation as an Effective Method of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Civil and Arbitration Proceedings
IVANOVA Natalia Valeryevna
Associate Professor of Department of Legal Regulation of Business and Civil Proceedings of Moscow University «Synergy»
129090, Moscow, Meshchanskaya st., 9/14, building 1, Russian Federation
MOTORINA Irina Stanislavovna
Senior Lecturer of Department of Legal Regulation of Business and Civil Proceedings of Moscow University «Synergy»
129090, Moscow, Meshchanskaya st., 9/14, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of mediation in Russian civil and arbitration proceedings, considering current trends of 2022–2024.
Keywords: mediation, alternative dispute resolution, civil proceedings, arbitration proceedings, conciliation procedures, mediation agreement, conflict, mediator, judicial system, online mediation
References
1.Abolonin V.O. Mediaciya i grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo: transformaciya konflikta v sovremenny`x usloviyax // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2023. № 2. S. 35.
2.Analiticheskij otchet «Otnoshenie rossijskix grazhdan k institutu mediacii» // VCIOM. 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.wciom.ru.
3.Analiticheskij otchet o primenenii primiritel`ny`x procedur za 2023 god // Oficial`ny`j sajt Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.vsrf.ru.
4.Arbitrazhny`j processual`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 24.07.2002 № 95-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2002. № 30. St. 3012.
5.Davy`denko D.L. Specializaciya mediatorov kak tendenciya razvitiya professional`nogo soobshhestva // Tretejskij sud. 2023. № 2. S. 102–111.
6.Zagajnova S.K., Yarkov V.V. Onlajn-mediaciya: problemy` pravovogo regulirovaniya // Arbitrazhny`j i grazhdanskij process. 2022. № 8. S. 15–21.
7.Zakonoproekt «O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal`ny`j zakon «Ob ispolnitel`nom proizvodstve» i otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sistema obespecheniya zakonodatel`noj deyatel`nosti. 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://sozd.duma.gov.ru.
8.Issledovanie «Al`ternativny`e sposoby` razresheniya kommercheskix sporov v Rossii» // Rossijskij soyuz promy`shlennikov i predprinimatelej. 2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.rspp.ru.
9.Kalashnikova S.I. Specializaciya mediatorov po kategoriyam sporov: novy`e tendencii // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2022. № 3. S. 167–175.
10.Koncepciya razvitiya al`ternativny`x sposobov razresheniya sporov // Oficial`ny`j sajt Ministerstva e`konomicheskogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii. 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.economy.gov.ru.
11.Nosy`reva E.I. Al`ternativny`e sposoby` razresheniya sporov v Rossii: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy` razvitiya. M.: Infotropik Media, 2023. S. 87.
12.Obzor sudebnoj praktiki primeneniya zakonodatel`-stva o mediacii za 2020–2022 gody` // Byulleten` Verxovnogo Suda RF. 2022. № 6.
13.Obzor sudebnoj statistiki o deyatel`nosti federal`ny`x sudov obshhej yurisdikcii i mirovy`x sudej v 2023 godu // Oficial`ny`j sajt Sudebnogo departamenta pri Verxovnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.cdep.ru.
14.Otchet «Sostoyanie i perspektivy` razvitiya onlajn-mediacii v Rossii» // Oficial`ny`j sajt Nacional`noj organizacii mediatorov. 2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.mediators.ru.
15.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 22.06.2021 № 18 «O nekotory`x voprosax dosudebnogo uregulirovaniya sporov, rassmatrivaemy`x v poryadke grazhdanskogo i arbitrazhnogo sudoproizvodstva» [E`lektron¬ny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_388236/.
16.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 31.10.2019 № 41 «Ob utverzhdenii Reglamenta provedeniya sudebnogo primireniya» // Byulleten` Verxovnogo Suda RF. 2020. № 1.
17.Proekt professional`nogo standarta «Mediator» // Oficial`ny`j sajt Ministerstva yusticii Rossijskoj Federacii. 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.minjust.ru.
18.Proekt federal`nogo zakona «O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal`ny`j zakon «Ob al`ternativnoj procedure uregulirovaniya sporov s uchastiem posrednika (procedure mediacii)» // Sistema obespecheniya zakonodatel`noj deyatel`nosti. 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://sozd.duma.gov.ru.
19.Statisticheskij otchet o deyatel`nosti notariusov Rossijskoj Federacii za 2023 god // Oficial`ny`j sajt Federal`noj notarial`noj palaty` [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.notariat.ru.
20.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 15.07.2023 № 356-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2023. № 29. St. 5698.
21.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 26.07.2019 № 197-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2019. № 30. St. 4099.
22.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 27.07.2010 № 193-FZ «Ob al`ternativnoj procedure uregulirovaniya sporov s uchastiem posrednika (procedure mediacii)» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2010. № 31. St. 4162.
23.Shemeneva O.N. Osobennosti primiritel`ny`x procedur v arbitrazhnom processe: tendencii 2022–2023 godov // Arbitrazhny`j i grazhdanskij process. 2023. № 9. S. 32–38.
24.Grazhdanskij processual`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 14.11.2002 № 138-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2002. № 46. St. 4532.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Arbitrator’s Immunity: In Search of Common Approaches within the Framework of Eurasian Integration
CHIBINOV Dmitrii Vladislavovich
Teacher of the Civil Law Department of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg
194100, Saint-Petersburg, Kantemirovskaya str., 3, bldg. 1, lit. A, room 2012, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyses the approaches of the Eurasian countries, which are members of the CIS, EAEU, to the issue of civil liability of an arbitrator for damage caused by him/her in the course of dispute resolution. Based on the comparative analysis, the author concludes that in most of the countries under consideration the issue of civil liability of an arbitrator is not regulated at all, while in the remaining countries, although qualified immunity of an arbitrator from civil liability is introduced, the proposed approaches differ significantly.
Keywords: arbitration, arbitrator’s immunity, arbitrator’s liability, CIS, EEAS, Eurasian integration, arbitration proceedings
References
1.Bronyakina E.O. Formirovanie instituta nadnacional`nogo kommercheskogo arbitrazha dlya rassmotreniya sporov po zayavleniyam xozyajstvuyushhix sub``ektov v ramkax Evrazijskogo e`konomicheskogo soyuza // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2024. T. 19. № 12. S. 142–151.
2.Kichenina V.S. Sravnitel`ny`j analiz mezhdunarod-ny`x kommercheskix arbitrazhej gosudarstv – uchastnikov EAE`S // Yuridicheskaya nauka. 2023. № 8. S. 225–229.
3.Kichenina V.S., Fedoruk L.V. K voprosu o neobxodimosti sozdaniya mezhdunarodnogo kommercheskogo arbitrazhnogo suda EAE`S kak instrumenta obespecheniya ustojchivogo e`konomicheskogo rosta i razvitiya Evrazijskogo e`konomicheskogo soyuza // Uchyony`e zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo imeni V.B. Bobkova filiala Rossijskoj tamozhennoj akademii. 2024. № 2(90). S. 110–113.
4.Pisarevskij D.Yu. Razvitie prava stran EAE`S v oblasti mezhdunarodnogo kommercheskogo arbitrazha (MKA) kak mera obespecheniya e`konomicheskoj bezopasnosti uchastnikov kommercheskogo oborota stran EAE`S // Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo evrazijskix gosudarstv: politika, e`konomika, pravo. 2018. № 2 (15). S. 16–26.
5.Zajcev A.I. Zakonodatel`stvo ob arbitrazhe (tretejskom razbiratel`stve) v stranax SNG. M., 2017.
6.O model`nom zakone «O tretejskix sudax i tretejskom razbiratel`stve»: postanovlenie Mezhparlamentskoj Assamblei gosudarstv – uchastnikov Sodruzhestva Nezavisimy`x Gosudarstv ot 25 noyabrya 2016 goda № 45-6. Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
7.O tretejskix sudax: Zakon Respubliki Belarus` ot 18 iyulya 2011 goda № 301-Z (v red. na 17 iyulya 2020 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
8.O mezhdunarodnom arbitrazhnom (tretejskom) sude: zakon Respubliki Belarus` ot 9 iyulya 1999 goda № 279-Z (v red. na 01 iyulya 2014 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
9.O tretejskix sudax v Ky`rgy`zskoj Respublike: zakon Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki ot 30 iyulya 2002 goda № 135 (v red. na 23 iyulya 2024 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
10.O tretejskix sudax: zakon Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 05 yanvarya 2008 goda № 344 (v red. na 03 iyulya 2012 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
11.O mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe: zakon Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 18 marta 2015 goda № 1183. Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
12.O kommercheskom arbitrazhe: zakon Respubliki Armeniya ot 22 yanvarya 2007 goda № ZR-55 // Oficial`ny`e vedomosti Respubliki Armeniya. 2007. 31 yanvarya. № 8 (532). St. 156.
13.Ob arbitrazhe: zakon Respubliki Kazaxstan ot 8 aprelya 2016 goda № 488-V «Ob arbitrazhe» (v red. na 01 iyulya 2024 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
14.Kaldy`baev A. Pravovaya otvetstvennost` arbitrov i arbitrazhny`x uchrezhdenij. Dostup iz IS «Yurist»;
15.Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Belarus` ot 7 dekabrya 1998 goda № 218-Z (v red. na 17 fevralya 2025 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
16.Grazhdanskij kodeks Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki ot 8 maya 1996 goda № 15 (chast` 1) (v red. na 14 marta 2025 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
17.Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Tadzhikistan ot 24 dekabrya 2022 goda № 1918 (v red. na 13 noyabrya 2024 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
18.Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Armeniya ot 28 iyulya 1998 goda № ZR-239 (v red. na 26 marta 2025 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
19.O mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe: Zakon Turkmenistana ot 16 avgusta 2014 goda № 101-V (v red. na 03 iyunya 2023 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
20.Grazhdanskij kodeks Turkmenistana ot 17 iyulya 1998 goda № 294-I (v red. na 05 oktyabrya 2019 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
21.Mezhdunarodny`j kommercheskij arbitrazh: uchebnik / nauch. red.: O.Yu. Skvorczov, M.Yu. Savranskij, G.V. Sevast`yanov. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. SPb.: M.: ANO «Redakciya zhurnala «Tretejskij sud», 2025.
22.Grebel`skij A.V. Exal GREKO cherez reku... O vvedenii ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti arbitrov za prestupleniya korrupcionnoj napravlennosti // Tretejskij sud. 2020. № 3/4. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
23.Ob arbitrazhe (tretejskom razbiratel`stve) v Rossijskoj Federacii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 29 dekabrya 2015 goda № 382-FZ (red. ot 08 avgusta 2024 goda). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
24.Ugolovny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 13 iyunya 1996 goda № 63-FZ (red. ot 21 aprelya 2025 goda). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
25.Kosy`gin V.E. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost` za podkup arbitra (tretejskogo sud`i): kriticheskij analiz // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2022. № 7. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
26.Zakon Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 16 oktyabrya 2006 goda № ZRU-64 «O tretejskix sudax» (v red. na 07 fevralya 2024 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
27.O Mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe: Zakon Respubliki Uzbekistan ot 16 fevralya 2021 goda № ZRU-674. Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
28.Ob arbitrazhe: Zakon Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki ot 26 dekabrya 2023 goda № 1077-VIQ. Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
29.Brisov Yu.V. Realizaciya doktriny` dobrosovestnosti v korporativny`x pravootnosheniyax // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2019. № 12. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
30.Bevzenko R.S. Gosudarstvennaya registraciya sdelok i posledstviya ee otsutstviya: kommentarij k st. 164 i 165 GK RF // Vestnik e`konomicheskogo pravosudiya Rossijskoj Federacii. 2017. № 5. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
31.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya): Federal`ny`j zakon ot 30 noyabrya 1994 goda № 51-FZ (red. ot 08 avgusta 2024 goda). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
32.Galkovskaya N.G., Golub E.I. Otvetstvennost` i garantii arbitrov v svyazi s osushhestvleniem imi deyatel`nosti po razresheniyu sporov // Tretejskij sud. 2020. № 1/2. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
33.Chuprunov I.S. Otvetstvennost` direktora pered yuridicheskim liczom: nauchno-prakticheskij kommentarij k postanovleniyu Plenuma VAS RF ot 30.07.2013 № 62 «O nekotory`x voprosax vozmeshheniya uby`tkov liczami, vxodyashhimi v sostav organov yuridicheskogo licza». M.: M-Logos, 2025. [E`lektronnoe izdanie].
34.Zajcev A.I. Kommentarij k model`nomu zakonu «O tretejskix sudax i tretejskom razbiratel`stve». M.: Yurajt, 2025.
35.O mezhdunarodnom kommercheskom arbitrazhe: Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 22 fevralya 2008 goda № 24-XVI (v red. na 08 noyabrya 2018 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
36.Ob arbitrazhe: Zakon Respubliki Moldova ot 22 fevralya 2008 goda № 23-XVI (v red. na 29 iyulya 2016 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
37.Grazhdanskij kodeks Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki: Zakon Azerbajdzhanskoj Respubliki ot 28 dekabrya 1999 goda № 779-IQ (v red. na 21 maya 2024 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
38.Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Moldova (Kniga pervaya. Obshhie polozheniya): ot 6 iyunya 2002 goda № 1107-XV (v red. na 27 fevralya 2025 goda). Dostup iz IS «Kontinent».
39.Kovalenko V.A. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie osobennosti rassmotreniya instituta vozmeshheniya vreda putem pred``yavleniya grazhdanskogo iska v ugolovnom processe // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2021. № 12. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Persons Controlling the Debtor and Grounds for Bringing them to Subsidiary Liability
SHUBENIN Alexander Nikolaevich
Postgraduate Student of «Synergy» University Moscow
129090, Moscow, Meshchanskaya st., 9/14, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: Subsidiary liability plays an important role in protecting the rights of creditors, becoming active when the main debtor is unable to satisfy its obligations. The protection of creditors' rights and maintaining order in civil circulation are unthinkable without proper regulation of subsidiary liability. This institution is aimed at guaranteeing responsible management of legal entities, based on the basic management principles. The issue of a balanced consideration of the interests of creditors and debtors remains one of the main problems in the context of subsidiary liability, since there is no consolidated regulatory approach and unified theoretical understanding of this issue.
Keywords: insolvency, bankruptcy, subsidiary liability, debtor, creditor, claim, control
References
1.Barzyaeva A.Yu. Znachenie riskov v ocenke stoimosti biznesa // Nauka XXI veka: aktual`ny`e napravleniya razvitiya: sbornik nauchny`x statej XII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 22 fevralya 2023 goda / redkoll.: E.A. Kandrashina, V.A. Piskunov (otvet. red.) i dr.; Samarskij gosudarstvenny`j e`konomicheskij universitet. Samara: Izd-vo SGE`U, 2023. Vy`p. 1. Ch. 1.
2.Golovkova E.V. Proverka obosnovannosti trebovaniya kreditora pri vklyuchenii v reestr trebovanij kreditorov dolzhnika – yuridicheskogo licza v arbitrazhnom processe // Studencheskij vestnik. 2023. № 22-4(261). S. 23–29.
3.Dragomirova E.V. Tendencii privlecheniya kontroliruyushhix licz k subsidiarnoj otvetstvennosti v Rossijskoj Federacii // Vestnik nauki. 2022. T. 2. № 4(49). S. 57–62.
4.Del`czova N.V. Otdel`ny`e aspekty` privlecheniya kontroliruyushhix dolzhnika licz k subsidiarnoj otvetstvennosti pri bankrotstve yuridicheskix licz // Nauka XXI veka: aktual`ny`e napravleniya razvitiya. 2023. № 1–2. S. 363–367.
5.Borisov A.N. Kommentarij k Federal`nomu zakonu ot 8 fevralya 1998 g. № 14-FZ «Ob obshhestvax s ogranichennoj otvetstvennost`yu»: postatejny`j. 4-e izd., pererab i dop. M.: Yusticinform, 2022.
6.Petrova N.A. Nekotory`e osobennosti privlecheniya k subsidiarnoj otvetstvennosti kontroliruyushhix licz obshhestva s ogranichennoj otvetstvennost`yu // Vestnik Xabarovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta e`konomiki i prava. 2022. № 3(110). S. 149–152.
7.Ry`kov I. Subsidiarnaya otvetstvennost` v Rossijskoj Federacii. M.: Statut, 2017.
8.Skuchaev A.A. Ponyatie kontroliruyushhix dolzhnika licz i osnovaniya privlecheniya ix k subsidiarnoj otvetstvennosti pri ego bankrotstve // Naukosfera. 2021. № 3-1. S. 239–245. 
9.E`nciklopediya reshenij. Prezumpcii, pri nalichii kotory`x liczo priznaetsya kontroliruyushhim liczom dolzhnika (maj 2025) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/58078649/.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Forensic Technical Examination of New Generation Documents
PERMYAKOV Maxim Vladimirovich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of Ural State University of Economics
620144, Yekaterinburg, 8 Marta/Narodnoy Voli St., 62/45, Russian Federation
KOTOV Vasily Vasilievich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of Department of Criminalistics of Ural state law University named after V.F. Yakovlev
620066, Ekaterinburg, st.Komsomolskaya, 21, Russian Federation
KILIN Alexander Grigorievich
Senior Lecturer of Department of Criminalistics of Ural state law University named after V.F. Yakovlev
620066, Ekaterinburg, st.Komsomolskaya, 21, Russian Federation
Abstract: The purpose of considering the stated topic was the need to study new modern trends in the use of forensic technical research in the implementation of the evidentiary procedure in both civil and criminal cases. The research methodology was based on analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization, classification, concretization, observation, comparison and description. Based on the results of the research, the article discusses the issues of forensic technical research of new-generation identity documents. The results of the work were the deduced provisions that can serve as a basis for creating and improving the methodology for studying new-generation documents in order to increase the effectiveness of solving the problems of forensic technical examination of documents. From the point of view of the novelty, originality and value of the research work carried out, we note that the authors reveal the main, including modern ways and methods of obtaining information through forensic research and research, and the very name of the work implies the novelty and value of the research and speaks for itself.
Keywords: law and order, document research, methodology, improvements, identity card, scientific and technological progress, judicial proceedings
References
1.Zaxarova T.A. Razrabotka metodicheskix rekomendacij po kriminalisticheskomu issledovaniyu dokumentov, izgotovlenny`x s ispol`zovaniem novejshix texnologij. Omsk, 2017.
2.Kriminalisticheskoe issledovanie dokumentov, izgotovlenny`x s pomoshh`yu novy`x sredstv operativnoj poligraficheskoj texniki. SPb., 2018.
3.Rukovodstvo po voprosam razvitiya potenciala sudebnoj e`kspertizy` dokumentov / OON. Vena, 2010.
4.Koby`lyanskij A.Ya., Sadchenko A.A., Sadchenko O.B., Shevchenko A.V. Sudebnaya e`kspertiza dokumentov so special`ny`mi sredstvami zashhity`: ucheb.-prakt. posob. M., 2016.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Influence of Strategic Planning and Territorial Zoning on the Legal Regime of a Land Plot
KARAGADYAN Vladimir Davidovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Environmental and Land Law of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, legal adviser of LLC «SAZAR»
115551, Moscow, Domodedovskaya St., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the impact of strategic planning and territorial zoning on the legal regime of land plots in the Russian Federation. The importance of effective use of land resources for ensuring socio-economic stability and security of the country is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between territorial zoning and land categorization, as well as the issue of possible replacement of the institution of land categorization by territorial zoning. It is concluded that the land category remains the basic provision defining the legal regime of land plots. It is also noted that the acts regulating the process of planning territorial development have a significant impact on the legal regime of land plots and set the vector for reforming legislation in the field of land relations regulation.
Keywords: land plot, legal regime, strategic planning, territorial zoning, land categorization
References
1.Aktual`ny`e problemy` teorii zemel`nogo prava Rossii: monografiya / E.N. Abanina, N.N. Aver`yanova, A.P. Anisimov i dr.; pod obshh. red. A.P. Anisimova. M.: Yuniform, 2020.
2.Akutneva E.V. Vidy` zonirovaniya na territorii Rossijskoj Federacii i zarubezhny`x stran // RESEARCH INNOVATIONS 2019: sbornik statej Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-issledovatel`skogo konkursa, Petrozavodsk, 23 sentyabrya 2019 goda. Petrozavodsk: Mezhdunarodny`j centr nauchnogo partnerstva «Novaya Nauka» (IP Ivanovskaya Irina Igorevna), 2019. S. 57–63.
3.Boltanova E.S., Romanova O.A., Bandorin L.E. Gradostroitel`noe pravo: uchebnik. M.: Prospekt, 2022.
4.Borisov A.A. Znachenie zonirovaniya territorij pri opredelenii pravovogo rezhima zemel`: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2014. S. 7.
5.Vodny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 3 iyunya 2006 g. № 74-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2006. 5 iyunya. № 23. St. 2381.
6.Volkov G.A. O sovershenstvovanii opredeleniya vidov razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`ny`x uchastkov // E`kologicheskoe pravo. № 1. S. 13–19.
7.Volkov G.A., Golichenkov A.K., Kozy`r` O.M. Po-statejny`j nauchno-prakticheskij kommentarij Zemel`nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
8.Gavrilyuk M.N. Pravovy`e problemy` prostranstvennogo razvitiya territorii Rossijskoj Federacii // Imush-hestvenny`e otnosheniya v Rossijskoj Federacii. 2024. № 6. S. 61–71.
9.Golichenkov A.K. E`kologicheskoe pravo Rossii: slovar` yuridicheskix terminov: ucheb. posob. dlya vuzov. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Gorodecz, 2012. S. 299.
10.Gradostroitel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 29.12.2004 № 190-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2005. 3 yanvarya. № 1. Ch. 1. St. 16.
11.Dement`ev A.N., Matveev M.N. Ideologiya oporny`x naselenny`x punktov v prostranstvennom razvitii Rossii // Byudzhet. 2024. № 1. S. 62–65.
12.Zhavoronkova N.G., Agafonov V.B. Pravovy`e problemy` prostranstvennogo razvitiya Arkticheskoj e`kologicheskoj zony` Rossijskoj Federacii // Lex russica. 2020. T. 73. № 3. S. 105–113.
13.Zavarin B.V., Medvedeva T.A. Voprosy` razvitiya instituta zonirovaniya territorij v Rossijskoj Federacii // Vestnik fakul`teta zemleustrojstva Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2020. № 6. S. 30–33.
14.Zakon Saratovskoj oblasti ot 30.09.2014 № 122-ZSO «O zemle». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
15.Zakonoproekt № 465407-6 «O vnesenii izmenenij v Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii i otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii v chasti perexoda ot deleniya zemel` na kategorii k territorial`nomu zonirovaniyu» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru.
16.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2001. 29 oktyabrya. № 44. St. 4147.
17.Klassifikator vidov razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`ny`x uchastkov. Utverzhden Prikazom Federal`noj sluzhby` gosudarstvennoj registracii, kadastra i kartografii ot 10 noyabrya 2020 goda № P/042. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
18.Krassov O.I. Ponyatie i soderzhanie pravovogo rezhima zemel` // E`kologicheskoe pravo. 2003. № 1. S. 20–25.
19.Lesnoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 4 dekabrya 2006 g. № 200-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2006. 11 dekabrya. № 50. St. 5278.
20.Materialy` parlamentskix slushanij «Ob osnovny`x polozheniyax proektiruemoj strategii prostranstvennogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda». Moskva, 2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://council.gov.ru/media/files/cvSAdA1kZhZ3v4kYylsicJcblrwAH3nj.pdf.
21.Mel`nikov N.N. Ob``ekty` zemel`ny`x pravootnoshenij. M.: INFRA-M, 2024. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
22.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda ot 16.10.2020 № 42-P «Po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti chasti 1 stat`i 8.8 Kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii ob administrativny`x pravonarusheniyax v svyazi s zhaloboj grazhdanki M.G. Ancinovoj». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
23.Prikaz Mine`konomrazvitiya Rossii ot 06.05.2024 № 273 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po razrabotke proektov sxem territorial`nogo planirovaniya municipal`ny`x rajonov, general`ny`x planov gorodskix okrugov, municipal`ny`x okrugov, gorodskix i sel`skix poselenij (proektov vneseniya izmenenij v takie dokumenty`)». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
24.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 28.12.2024 № 4146-r «Ob utverzhdenii Strategii prostranstvennogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda s prognozom do 2036 goda». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
25.Rukovodstvo po kompleksnoj ocenke i funkcional`-nomu zonirovaniyu territorij v rajonnoj planirovke. M.: Strojizdat, 1979. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
26.Rukovodstvo po oxrane okruzhayushhej sredy` v rajone planirovki. M.: Strojizdat, 1980. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
27.Savel`eva E.A. Pravovoe regulirovanie zonirovaniya territorij: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2015. S. 9.
28.SP 55.13330.2016. Svod pravil. Doma zhily`e odnokvartirny`e. SNiP 31-02-2001. Utv. i vvedyon v dejstvie Prikazom Minstroya Rossii ot 20.10.2016 № 725/pr. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
29.Sutyagina M.D. Zonirovanie territorij i razreshennoe ispol`zovanie zemel` kak sposob opredeleniya pravovogo rezhima zemel` i zemel`ny`x uchastkov // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2022. T. 17. № 6 (139). S. 187–194.
30.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 07.05.2024 № 309 «O nacional`ny`x celyax razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2023 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2005. 13 maya. № 20. St. 2584.
31.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 08.11.2021 № 633 «Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki v sfere strategicheskogo planirovaniya v Rossijskoj Federacii». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant-Plyus».
32.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 01.05.1999 № 94-FZ «Ob oxrane ozera Bajkal» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1999. 3 maya. № 18. St. 2220.
33.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 28.06.2014 № 172-FZ «O strategicheskom planirovanii v Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2014. 30 iyunya. № 26. Ch. I. St. 3378.
34.Lipski S.A. Zemleustroitel`noe obespechenie kak neobxodimoe uslovie zameny` instituta kategorij zemel` territorial`ny`m zonirovaniem // Imushhestvenny`e otnosheniya v Rossijskoj Federacii. 2016. № 11 (182). S. 18–23.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Legal Protection of Agricultural Lands: Basic Principles and Approaches
KUBANOV Taulan Ruslanovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University
123242, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya St., 9, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article discusses the basic principles and approaches aimed at the protection and efficient use of land resources in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the role of the principle of compliance with the intended use of land, which determines the order of use of agricultural land in accordance with established norms and rules. The analysis of the current regulations disclosing the mechanisms of state regulation of relations in the sphere of agricultural land turnover, including measures aimed at protecting soil fertility and preventing abuse, is carried out. The problem of the lack of unambiguous formulations in the current Russian legislation is highlighted separately, which causes difficulties in law enforcement and generates disputes between owners and government agencies.
Keywords: legal protection, agricultural lands, principles of land law, purpose, soil fertility, land legislation, environmental protection, land management, federal laws, Russian Federation
References
1.Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii (prinyata vsenarod-ny`m golosovaniem 12.12.1993 s izmeneniyami, odobren-ny`mi v xode obshherossijskogo golosovaniya 01.07.2020) // Oficial`ny`j internet-portal pravovoj informacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
2.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 №51-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024, s izm. ot 31.10.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1994. 5 dekabrya. № 32. St. 3301.
3.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ (red. ot 20.03.2025) // Oficial`ny`j internet-portal pravovoj informacii 14. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru.
4.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 16.07.1998 № 101-FZ (red. ot 26.12.2024) «O gosudarstvennom regulirovanii obespecheniya plodorodiya zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1998. 20 iyulya. № 29. St. 3399.
5.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 24.07.2002 № 101-FZ (red. ot 26.12.2024) «Ob oborote zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF». 2002. 29 iyulya. № 30. St. 3018.
6.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 21.12.2004 № 172-FZ (red. ot 25.12.2023) «O perevode zemel` ili zemel`ny`x uchastkov iz odnoj kategorii v druguyu» // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2004. 30 dekabrya. № 290.
7.Prikaz Rosreestra ot 10.11.2020 № P/0412 (red. ot 01.10.2024) «Ob utverzhdenii klassifikatora vidov razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`ny`x uchastkov» (Zaregistrirovano v Minyuste Rossii 15.12.2020 № 61482) // Oficial`ny`j internet-portal pravovoj informacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru.
8.Zakon Stavropol`skogo kraya «O nekotory`x voprosax regulirovaniya zemel`ny`x otnoshenij, vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Stavropol`skogo kraya i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotory`x zakonodatel`ny`x aktov Stavropol`skogo kraya» ot 12 aprelya 2010 goda № 21-kz [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://dumask.ru/law/zakony-stavropolskogo-kraya-postanovleniya-dumy/zakony-stavropolskogo-kraya/item/10795-news15491.html.
9.Opredelenie Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 08.04.2009 № 15-G09-2 Ob ostavlenii bez izmeneniya resheniya Verxovnogo Suda Respubliki Mordoviya ot 29.01.2009, kotory`m otkazano v udovletvorenii zayavleniya o priznanii nezakonny`m Zakona Respubliki Mordoviya «O vnesenii izmenenij v stat`yu 2 Zakona Respubliki Mordoviya «Ob oborote zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya» ot 25.09.2008 № 75-3. Dokument opublikovan ne by`l. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
10.Anisimov A.P., Mel`nikov N.N. Sistemno-strukturny`j analiz kategorij «Celevoe naznachenie» i «Razreshennoe ispol`zovanie» v prirodoresursny`x otraslyax prava // Zhurnal rossijskogo prava. 2013. № 11 (203). S. 28.
11.Balashov E.V. Nekotory`e voprosy` realizacii preimushhestvennogo prava pokupki zemel`nogo uchastka iz zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya // Imushhest-venny`e otnosheniya v RF. 2022. № 4 (247). S. 90–97.
12.Golichenkov A.K. E`kologicheskoe pravo Rossii: slovar` yuridicheskix terminov: ucheb. posob. dlya vuzov. M., 2008. S. 154.
13.Erofeev B.V. Zemel`noe pravo: uchebnik dlya vuzov. M., 2001.
14.Minaeva A.A. Preimushhestvennoe pravo pokupki zemel` sel`xoznaznacheniya. Kogda nuzhno soblyudat`, a v kakix sluchayax ego mozhno izbezhat`? [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2024/03/01/preimuschestvennoe_pravo_pokupki_zemel_selhoznaznacheniya__kogda_nuzhno_soblyudat_a_v_kakih_sluchaya.
15.Ry`zhenkov A.Ya. Principy` oborota zemel` sel`skoxo-zyajstvennogo naznacheniya i ix pravovoe znachenie // Imushhestvenny`e otnosheniya v RF. 2017. № 6 (189). S. 102.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
On the Issue of State Control (Supervision) Over the Use of Land Plots in Accordance with the Type of Permitted Use of the Land Plot
SHCHEBLENKOV Maxim Evgenievich
Postgraduate Student of State University of Land Use Planning
105064, Moscow, Kazakova St., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the problems of state control (supervision) over the use of land in the Russian Federation in accordance with the type of permitted use. The legislative framework, including the Land Code of the Russian Federation and the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, and practical mechanisms such as inspection and monitoring were analyzed. Examples of violations and their consequences are presented, as well as key problems are identified. Recommendations for improving the control system are proposed.
Keywords: land legislation, types of permitted use, public control, regulation of land use
References
1.Kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ob administrativny`x pravonarusheniyax ot 30.12.2001 № 195-FZ (red. ot 07.04.2025) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2002. 07 yanvarya. № 1. Ch. 1. St. 1.
2.Nalogovy`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` vtoraya) ot 05.08.2000 № 117-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2000. № 32. St. 3340.
3.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ (red. 14.02.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2001. 29 oktyabrya. № 44. St. 4147.
4.Problemy` pravovogo regulirovaniya zemel`ny`x otnoshenij i praktika rassmotreniya zemel`ny`x sporov sudami: sbornik materialov nauchno-prakticheskogo seminara, Simferopol`, 29 avgusta 2017 goda. Simferopol`: Akademiya General`noj prokuratury` Rossijskoj Federacii, 2017.
5.Gerasimov A.A. Gosudarstvenny`j zemel`ny`j kontrol`: sredstvo obespecheniya zakonnosti v sfere zemel`ny`x otnoshenij // Imushhestvenny`e otnosheniya v Rossijskoj Federacii. 2007. № 5(68). S. 77–85.
6.Pilyugina D.E`. Organizaciya gosudarstvennogo nadzora za ispol`zovaniem i oxranoj zemel` v municipal`ny`x rajonax // Molodezh` i nauka. 2017. № 4-1. S. 137.
7.Rosreestr uvelichil vy`yavlyaemost` narushenij zemel`nogo zakonodatel`stva do 65,5 %, sokrativ chislo proverok s uchastiem pravoobladatelej [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://rosreestr.gov.ru/press/archive/rosreestr-uvelichil-vyyavlyaemost-narusheniy-zemelnogo-zakonodatelstva-do-65-5-sokrativ-chislo-prove/.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Civil Liability for Offenses in the Sphere of Circulation of Jewelry, Scrap and Waste of Precious Metals
SHAYDOROVA Ksenia Alexandrovna
Student of the Law Institute of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
660017, Krasnoyarsk, Lenina St., 117, Russian Federation
CHURSINA Antonina Sergeevna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law Institute of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
660017, Krasnoyarsk, Lenina St., 117, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the issue of determining liability for offenses in the sphere of illegal turnover of jewelry, scrap and waste of precious metals. An analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the procedure for the turnover of jewelry, scrap and waste of precious metals and liability for non-compliance is conducted. The study proposes possible ways to resolve existing contradictions in this area.
Keywords: illegal trafficking, liability, jewelry, scrap precious metals, waste precious metals
References
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3.Pravitel`stvo vvelo vremenny`j zapret na vy`voz otxodov i loma dragocenny`x metallov s 1 dekabrya po 31 maya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://government.ru/docs/53428/.
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6.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` vtoraya) ot 26.01.1996 № 14-FZ (red. ot 13.12.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1996. № 5. St. 410.
7.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 17.05.2024 № 616 (red. ot 24.10.2024) «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil osushhestvleniya skupki u fizicheskix licz yuvelirny`x i drugix izdelij iz dragocenny`x metallov i (ili) dragocenny`x kamnej, loma takix izdelij i Pravil osushhestvleniya zagotovki loma i otxodov dragocenny`x metallov i produkcii (izdelij), soderzhashhej dragocenny`e metally`» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_477118.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Criminal Law Protection of Neurorights and Mental Integrity of a Human
GALYUKOVA Maria Igorevna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Independent Researcher
454091, Chelyabinsk, Lenin ave., 48, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the problem of ensuring the legal protection of new personal rights arising from the development of neurotechnology and the possibility of intervention in the mental state of a person. It is argued that the appeal to the latest achievements of digital and biological sciences in healthcare contributes to the development of personalized medicine, however, the exclusivity of neurotechnology can be used for the purposes of transhumanism and, consequently, human modernization. The current state of neuro-rights, their place in the human rights system and the need for their protection by criminal law norms are investigated. The purpose of the article is to formulate recommendations for improving the criminal law norms governing the illegal use of neurotechnologies. The main methods are system-structural and comparative legal analysis, as well as the method of interpretation of legal norms and interdisciplinary research.
The methodological basis of the work is an integrated approach that combines scientific knowledge about the structure and functioning of the brain with the provisions of criminal law. The author concludes that it is necessary to expand criminal liability for illegal experiments on humans, taking into account physical, mental, genetic and social health as a single object of legal protection.
Keywords: neurolaws, human mental health, neuroethics, neurohacking, object of crime, personality, experiment, experience, criminal liability, neurotechnology, transhumanism, cyborg, brain
References
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HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Personal Data: the Balance Between the Values of Personal Autonomy and the Need to Ensure Public Welfare (аn Axiological Approach)
CHERNYSHENKO Ilya Gennadievich
Student of Law Faculty of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49/2, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article explores the axiological aspects of legal regulation of personal data. Philosophers of antiquity and the modern era have already raised questions about the balance between personal autonomy and the public good, which makes this topic highly relevant in the context of today’s digital society. The author analyses the key legal and ethical issues surrounding personal data processing, paying particular attention to privacy and data protection concerns. In the conclusion, the author argues for the implementation of an axiological approach that would ensure a balance between the right to personal autonomy and the interests of public welfare (or public security).
Keywords: philosophy of law, axiology, personal autonomy, public welfare, personal data
References
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2.Ibragimova A.N.G. Ponyatie personal`ny`x danny`x; informacionnaya bezopasnost` prava na neprikosnovennost` chastnoj zhizni soglasno analizu stat`i 8 Evropejskoj konvencii o pravax cheloveka // Severo-Kavkazskij yuridicheskij vestnik. 2021. № 4. S. 92–103.
3.Sledneva K.E., Polovnikova O.V. Problema informacionnoj avtonomii lichnosti // Innovacionnaya e`konomika i obshhestvo. 2023. № 4 (42). S. 124–133.
4.Suxix N.I. Personal`ny`e danny`e i filosofiya privatnogo v normativny`x aktax // Cennosti i smy`sly`. 2016. № 2 (42). S. 84–93.
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HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The Legal Nature of Voluntary Informed Consent for Medical Intervention in the Aspect of Constitutional Rights of Citizens
SMOLANOV Alexander Mikhailovich
Postsraduate Student of Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of Law Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University
119234, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1, building 51, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article attempts to analyze the content and legal nature of voluntary informed consent to medical intervention from the perspective of constitutionally enshrined human and civil rights and freedoms. The study highlights the relationship between the principle of personal autonomy, the right to dignity, and the institution of voluntary consent. The key components of voluntary consent to medical intervention, as established by Russian legislation and international legal instruments (including the 1997 Oviedo Convention, the European Convention on Human Rights, and rulings of the European Court of Human Rights), are examined. Based on legal practice and doctrinal sources, the article concludes that all three components of voluntary informed consent must be present when providing any type of medical care. Additionally, the article addresses relevant issues and problem areas that may serve as promising directions for future research.
Keywords: medical intervention, informed consent, volunteerism, medical service, medical care. Life, health, patient, doctor
References
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2.Ulaeva N.L. Dogovor vozmezdnogo okazaniya medi-cinskix uslug v Rossii: ucheb. posob. Krasnodar: Krasnodarskij un-t MVD Rossii, 2015.
3.Zajceva N.V. Dogovor vozmezdnogo okazaniya medicinskix uslug v grazhdanskom prave RF: monografiya. Volgograd: Izd-vo VIE`SP, 2006.
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7.Timofeev I.V. K voprosu o soderzhanii prava na oxranu zdorov`ya i medicinskuyu pomoshh` v konstitucionno-pravovom aspekte // Vestnik Roszdravnadzora. 2015. № 6. S. 69.
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JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Current Problems of Administrative and Criminal Liability for Failure to Fulfill the Duties of Raising a Minor
BASKHANOV Akhmed Magomedovich
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, d. 130, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of administrative and criminal liability for failure to fulfill the duties of raising minors in Russian legislation. The norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (Article 5.35) and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Article 156), as well as their gaps, including the lack of responsibility for repeated violations under Part 1 of Article 5.35 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, are considered.
Keywords: administrative responsibility, criminal responsibility, education of minors, failure to fulfill the duties of raising minors, abuse, preventive measures, protection of children's rights, administrative prejudice
References
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3.Prigovor Shebekinskogo rajonnogo suda Belgorodskoj oblasti № 1-39/2022 ot 24 fevralya 2022 g. po delu № 1-39/2022 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/XLvrx87Jir5u/.
4.Kuncz E.V. Problemy` ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za prestupleniya, sovershaemy`e protiv nesovershennoletnix // Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo. 2013. № 5 (296). Vy`p. 35. S. 84–86.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
On the Theoretical Justification of the Relationship Between the Concept of the Social State and the Socio-Economic Development of the State
NAGIMOVA Zarina Favarisovna
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory of State and Law of Institute of Law of Ufa University of Science and Technology
450005, Ufa, Dostoevsky str., 131, Russian Federation
Abstract: The tasks of maintaining sustainable socio-economic development of the country are a key function of public administration, especially during periods of political and economic instability. The formation of the institutional foundations of socio-economic policy, which involves building the structure and system of state institutions in the areas of social regulation and economic growth, requires a systematic approach and a clear ideological base that excludes the randomness of implementation.
This article reveals the basic principles of the concept of a welfare state, which has gained recognition in a number of democratic countries with a developed legal system. The paper also analyzes the interdependence of this concept and modern challenges in the field of socio-economic regulation, justifies their organic connection in the context of public policy.
Keywords: socio-economic policy, social state, legal norms, sustainable development
References
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6.Kalashnikov S.V. Social`naya politika social`nogo gosudarstva: e`volyuciya teorii i praktiki: dis. … d-ra e`kon. nauk. M., 2003.
7.Mamut L.S. Social`noe gosudarstvo s tochki zreniya prava // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2001. № 7. S. 5–14.
8.Rodionova O.V. Sovremennoe social`noe gosudarstvo: tipologiya i problemy` modernizacii // Pravovedenie. 2010. № 3. S. 1–26.
9.Oxoxonin E.M. Genezis idej social`nogo gosudarstva // Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya: Pravo. 2010. № 25 (201). S. 6–11.
10.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 1 iyulya 2014 g. № 20-P po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti abzacza pervogo punkta 2 Postanovleniya Verxovnogo Soveta Rossijskoj Federacii «O rasprostranenii dejstviya Zakona RSFSR «O social`noj zashhite grazhdan, podvergshixsya vozdejstviyu radiacii vsledstvie katastrofy` na Chernoby`l`skoj AE`S» na grazhdan iz podrazdelenij osobogo riska» v svyazi s zhaloboj grazhdanina V.F. Lyakina // Oficial`ny`j sajt Konstitucionnogo Suda RF [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://doc.ksrf.ru/decision/KSRFDecision166070.pdf.
11.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 29 maya 2014 g. № 996-O «Ob otkaze v prinyatii k rassmotreniyu zhaloby` grazhdanki Shafikovoj Rasixi Saxipzyanovny` na narushenie ee konstitucionny`x prav polozheniem podpunkta 1 punkta 1 stat`i 28 Federal`nogo zakona «O trudovy`x pensiyax v Rossijskoj Federacii» // Oficial`ny`j sajt Konstitucionnogo Suda RF [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://doc.ksrf.ru/decision/KSRFDecision164005.pdf.
12.Baglaj M.V., Sharkov F.I. Genezis konceptual`ny`x osnov social`nogo gosudarstva: paradigmal`ny`e osnovaniya i institucionalizaciya // Trud i social`ny`e otnosheniya. 2019. № 3 (30). S. 75–84.
13.Batalov E`.Ya. Vosxozhdenie k politicheskoj nauke // Obshhestvenny`e nauki i sovremennost`. 2005. № 5. S. 48–55.
14.Myuller-Armak A. Principy` social`nogo ry`noch-nogo xozyajstva // Social`noe ry`nochnoe xozyajstvo. SPb.: E`konomicheskaya shkola, 1999. S. 275.
15.Bair H. Ehrlichkeit im Sozialstaat. Zurich, 1988.
16.Fabricius F. Prava cheloveka i evropejskaya politika. Politiko-pravovoe polozhenie trudyashhixsya v Evropejskom soobshhestve. M.: Izd-vo Moskovskogo gos. Universiteta, 1995.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Regulation of the Issue and Turnover of Digital Financial Assets: the Experience of Russia, Great Britain and the Usa
VASILYEVA Sofya Aleksandrovna
Master's Student of the Faculty of Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125993, г. Moscow, Leningradsky Ave., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study and comparison of domestic legislation and the best foreign practices in the field of CFA regulation. An analysis of the current state of regulation of crypto assets in the UK shows that this area of law is at an early stage of its development. Despite the recognition of the importance of regulatory regulation, the formation of an appropriate regime is carried out gradually through the adaptation of current legislation on financial services.
Keywords: digital financial assets, digital rights, hybrid digital rights, information system
References
1.Lee L. Examining the Legal Status of Digital Assets as Property: A Comparative Analysis of Jurisdictional Approaches. 2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.15391?utm_source.
2.Novskaya N.S. Cifrovy`e finansovy`e aktivy` kak sredstvo platezha v ramkax vneshnee`konomicheskoj deyatel`nosti // Progressivnaya e`konomika. 2025. № 1. S. 210–220.
3.Kruglyak Z.I., Mel`kon`yan A.A., Eremin A.V. Cifrovy`e finansovy`e aktivy` kak novy`j ob``ekt ucheta // Vestnik Akademii znanij. 2024. № 3 (62). S. 255–260.
4.Ismailov I.Sh. Pravovy`e osnovy` i perspektivy` ispol`zovaniya cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov i cifrovoj valyuty` v transgranichny`x operaciyax // Finansovoe pravo. 2024. № 10. S. 22–25.
5.Reestr operatorov informacionny`x sistem // Oficial`ny`j sajt Banka Rossii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.cbr.ru/admissionfinmarket/navigator/ootsfa.
6.Rozhdestvenskaya T.E`., Guznov A.G. Osobennost` pravovogo statusa operatora informacionnoj sistemy`, v kotoroj osushhestvlyaetsya vy`pusk cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov, i operatora obmena cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov kak organizacij, obespechivayushhix cifrovy`e finansovy`e texnologii // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina. 2021. № 9 (85). S. 124–134.
7.Dokumenty` organizacij, vklyuchenny`x v reestr OIS // Bank Rossii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cbr.ru/finm_infrastructure/ois/doc_ois.
8.O vklyuchenii svedenij ob OOO «Atomajz» v reestr operatorov informacionny`x sistem, v kotory`x osushhestvlyaetsya vy`pusk cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov // Oficial`ny`j sajt Banka Rossii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.cbr.ru/rbr/rbr_fr/doc/?id=32304#highlight=%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7.
9.Sotrudniki Mednogo zavoda pervy`mi poluchili tokeny` po programme «Cifrovoj investor» // Oficial`ny`j sajt PAO «GMK «Noril`skij nikel`» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://nornickel.ru/news-and-media/press-releases-and-news/sotrudniki-mednogo-zavoda-pervymi-poluchili-tokeny-po-programme-tsifrovoy-investor.
10.Tokolov A.V. K voprosu o pravovom regulirovanii cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov v Rossijskoj Federacii i ryade zarubezhny`x stran // Kriminologicheskij zhurnal. 2024. № 1. S. 151–155.
11.Digital finance: Council adopts new rules on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA) // European Council, Council of the EU [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/05/16/digital-finance-council-adopts-new-rules-on-markets-in-crypto-assets-mica/.
12.Financial Services and Markets Act 29th June 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/29/enacted.
13.MiCAR and Morrison: Navigating opportunities and challenges for U.S. digital asset companies in the EU and in the UK // Global Legal Insights [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/blockchain-laws-and-regulations/09-micar-and-morrison-navigating-opportunities-and-challenges-for-u-s-digital-asset-companies-in-the-eu-and-in-the-uk/#_ednref5.
14.Financial Services and Markets Act 29th June 2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/29/enacted.
15.Morrison v. Nat’l Australia Bank Ltd., 561 U.S. 247, 265 (2010) // Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/561/247.
16.Absolute Activist Value Master Fund Ltd. v. Ficeto (2012) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1595702.html.
17.Anderson v. Binance, № 1:20-CV-2803 (ALC), 2022 WL 976824 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 31, 2022) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.quinnemanuel.com/the-firm/publications/crypto-litigation-and-regulation-reporter-may-2022.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
On the Question of the Indivisibility of the State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation
IVANENKO Tatiana Alexandrovna
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of Pyatigorsk State University
357500, Pyatigorsk, Kalinin Avenue, 9A, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the state sovereignty of the Russian Federation as a single and indivisible category and its correlation with such political and legal definitions as national and national sovereignty.
Keywords: state sovereignty, sovereignty of the people, national sovereignty, state power, indivisibility and unity of sovereignty
References
1.Kas`yanenko M.A. O pravovy`x i «obshhegrazhdanskix» mexanizmax protivodejstviya e`tnicheskim konfliktam // Gosudarstvennaya vlast` i mestnoe samoupravlenie. 2010. № 3. S. 6–8.
2.Zaklyuchitel`ny`j akt Soveshhaniya po bezopasnosti i sotrudnichestvu v Evrope ot 1 avgusta 1975 g. // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo v dokumentax. M., 2019.
3.Alebastrova I.A. Gosudarstvenny`j suverenitet: koncepcii i real`nost` // LEX RUSSICA. 2014. № 12.
4.Barcicz I.N. Pravovoe prostranstvo Rossii: voprosy` konstitucionnoj teorii i praktiki. M., 2000.
5.Zolotareva M.V. Nacional`ny`j suverenitet: na sty`ke prava i politiki // Federalizm. 1999. № 3.
6.Karapetyan L.M. Federativnoe ustrojstvo Rossijskogo gosudarstva. M., 2001.
7.Polnaya stenogramma «Itogov goda» s Vladimirom Putiny`m [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/3GoXEX.
8.RANXiGS zayavila, chto suverenitet stal gosudarst-venny`m slovom goda v Rossii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/3GoWyZ.
9.Shamba T.M. Vy`stuplenie na IV S``ezde narodny`x deputatov SSSR // Izvestiya. 1990. 24 dekabrya.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Legal Protection of Agricultural Land in the Russian Federation: Public-Legal Aspects and Mechanisms to Ensure Sustainable Utilization
KUBANOV Taulan Ruslanovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University
123242, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya St., 9, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of public-law aspects of agricultural land protection in the Russian Federation. The author examines the content and goals of legal protection of agricultural lands, analyzes the current legislation regulating their use and protection, and identifies gaps related to the lack of clear legal definitions and classifications. It focuses on the issues of rational use, prevention of soil degradation, ensuring food security and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. It also touches upon the issues of land reclamation, monitoring of soil condition and interaction of authorities of different levels. The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to the protection of agricultural land, as well as the integration of scientific, legal and managerial mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of legal regulation in this area.
Keywords: agricultural land, land protection, land law, soil fertility, public-law protection, land reclamation, environmental monitoring, sustainable development, legal regime, food security.
References
1.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ (red. ot 26.12.2024) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 19.01.2025) // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2001. № 211–212. 30 oktyabrya.
2.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 10.01.1996 № 4-FZ (red. ot 25.12.2023) «O melioracii zemel`» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1996. 15 yanvarya. № 3. St. 142.
3.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 16.07.1998 № 101-FZ (red. ot 26.12.2024) «O gosudarstvennom regulirovanii obespecheniya plodorodiya zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 1998. 20 iyulya. № 29. St. 3399.
4.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 10.01.2002 № 7-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024) «Ob oxrane okruzhayushhej sredy`» (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.09.2024) // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2002. № 6. 12 yanvarya.
5.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 24.07.2002 № 101-FZ (red. ot 26.12.2024) «Ob oborote zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2002. 29 iyulya. № 30. St. 3018.
6.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 21.01.2020 № 20 «Ob utverzhdenii Doktriny` prodovol`stvennoj bezopasnosti Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2020. 27 yanvarya. № 4. St. 345.
7.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 14.05.2021 № 731 (red. ot 24.12.2024) «O Gosudarstvennoj programme e`ffektivnogo vovlecheniya v oborot zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya i razvitiya meliorativnogo kompleksa Rossijskoj Federacii» (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.01.2025) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2021. 24 maya. № 21. St. 3583.
8.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 08.09.2022 № 2567-r (red. ot 07.02.2025) «Ob utverzhdenii Strategii razvitiya agropromy`shlennogo i ry`boxozyajstvennogo kompleksov Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2022. 19 sentyabrya. № 38. St. 6481.
9.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 30.07.2010 № 1292-r (red. ot 30.05.2014) «Ob utverzhdenii Koncepcii razvitiya gosudarstvennogo monitoringa zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya i zemel`, ispol`zuemy`x ili predostavlenny`x dlya vedeniya sel`skogo xozyajstva v sostave zemel` iny`x kategorij, i formirovaniya gosudarstvenny`x informacionny`x resursov ob e`tix zemlyax na period do 2020» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2010. 09 avgusta. № 32. St. 4366.
10.Prikaz Minprirody` Rossii ot 11.07.2018 № 316 «O vnesenii izmenenij v Metodiku ischisleniya vreda, prichinennogo pochvam kak ob``ektu oxrany` okruzhayushhej sredy`, utverzhdennuyu prikazom Minprirody` Rossii ot 8 iyulya 2010 g. № 238» (Zaregistrirovano v Minyuste Rossii 21.09.2018 № 52210) // Oficial`ny`j internet-portal pravovoj informacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
11.Postanovlenie Rosstata ot 30.11.2005 № 95 «Ob utverzhdenii instrukcij o poryadke zapolneniya perepisny`x listov po kategoriyam ob``ektov Vserossijskoj sel`skoxozyajstvennoj perepisi 2006 goda». Dokument opublikovan ne by`l. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
12.Postanovlenie Rosstata ot 20.12.2007 № 104 «Ob utverzhdenii statisticheskogo instrumentariya dlya organizacii Minobrnauki Rossii statisticheskogo nablyudeniya za organizaciyami nauchno-texnicheskogo kompleksa» (vmeste s «Ukazaniyami po zapolneniyu formy` edinovremennogo federal`nogo statisticheskogo nablyudeniya № 2-nauka (NTK) «Svedeniya ob organizacii nauchno-texnicheskogo kompleksa») // Voprosy` statistiki. 2008. № 3.
13.Arutyunov L.S., Kas`yanenko M.A. Osobennosti determinacii i prichinnosti e`kologicheskix pravonarushenij // E`kologicheskoe pravo. 2008. № 2. S. 26–30.
14.Gosudarstvenny`j (nacional`ny`j) doklad o sostoyanii i ispol`zovanii zemel` v Rossijskoj Federacii v 2023 godu [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/410403214.
15.Bakirova R.T., Levaxin V.G. Federal`ny`j zakon «O razvitii sel`skogo xozyajstva»: probely` i protivorechiya // Izvestiya OGAU. 2007. № 14-1. S. 169.
16.Ibragimov K.X. Racional`noe ispol`zovanie zemel` sel`xoznaznacheniya – klyuchevaya problema sovremennoj agrarnoj nauki Rossii // Sbornik tezisov po itogam Professorskogo foruma 2019 «Nauka. Obrazovanie. Regiony`». T. 2. M.: Obshherossijskaya obshhestvennaya organizaciya «Rossijskoe professorskoe sobranie», 2019. S. 149–152.
17.Kommentarij k Zemel`nomu kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii / pod red. G.V. Chubukova, M.Yu. Tixomirova. M., 2007. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
18.Krassov O.I. Zemel`noe pravo: uchebnik. M., 2007. S. 109.
19.Kudryavcev D.A., Uage M.B. Problemy` oborota zemel` sel`skoxozyajstvennogo naznacheniya // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «E`konomika i pravo». 2024. S. 704.
20.Suxova E.A. Postatejny`j kommentarij k Zemel`nomu kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii. M., 2008. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
21.Arutyunov L.S., Kas`yanenko M.A. Osobennosti determinacii i prichinnosti e`kologicheskix pravonarushenij // E`kologicheskoe pravo. 2008. № 2. S. 26–30.
22.Tolkovy`j slovar` Ozhegova [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://slovarozhegova.ru.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
The principle of legal interoperability as a connecting element of the formation of the regulatory landscape of the economy in the context of digitalization
RUSTAMOV Pavel Anvarovich
Applicant of the Department of Legal Informatics, Information and Digital Law of Faculty of Law of Lomonosov Moscow State University
119234, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1, p. 1, str. 13, Russian Federation
Abstract: Legal interoperability is a key principle of digital governance, contributing to the creation of a single information space for data exchange between different legal systems. As part of the European Union's strategy to build a single digital market, this principle ensures the interaction of public authorities through open data and standards. The assessment of interoperability is carried out at three levels: technological, system and task levels. Key recommendations include multi-channel access, multilingualism, security, and the use of open standards. The effectiveness of interoperable solutions is manifested in reducing the administrative burden and increasing security. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to integrate and use the principle of legal interoperability.
Keywords: legal interoperability, digital governance, European Union, open data, standards, security, multilingualism, integration, administrative burden, biometric systems
References
1.Mixnevich S.Yu., Tezhar A.A. E`volyuciya ponyatiya interoperabel`nosti otkry`ty`x informacionny`x sistem // Cifrovaya transformaciya. 2023. T. 29. № 2. S. 60–66.
2.Problemy` obespecheniya interoperabel`nosti pri integracii dejstvuyushhix avtomatizirovanny`x sistem upravleniya i informacionny`x sistem / M.Yu. Oxtilev, B.V. Sokolov, V.N. Koromy`slichenko i dr. // Innovacionnoe priborostroenie. 2023. T. 2. № 2. S. 76–83.
3.Ajrapetyan A.S. Pravovy`e problemy` evrazijskoj integracii zaklyuchayutsya, po nashemu mneniyu, v otsutstvii v konstituciyax gosudarstv Evrazijskogo e`konomicheskogo soyuza norm ob ix chlenstve v sostave integracionnogo ob``edineniya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://ved24.com/analytics/articles/2021-02-17/aktualnye-pravovye-problemy-razvitiya-eaes.
4.Osnovny`e principy` i e`tapy` vnedreniya otkry`ty`x API na finansovom ry`nke // https://czfa.rf/CBR/OpenAPI.
5.Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:2c2f2554-0faf-11e7-8a35-01aa75ed71a1.0017.02/DOC_3&format=PDF#page19.
6.David S. Goddard. Understanding the Challenge of Legal Interoperability in Coalition Operations [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Understanding_the_Challenge_of_Legal_Interoperability_2.pdf.
7.Legal Interoperability and the FAIR Data Principles: An X-officio study commissioned by the EOSC FAIR Working Group [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354010035_Legal_Interoperability_and_the_FAIR_Data_Principles_An_X-officio_study_commissioned_by_the_EOSC_FAIR_Working_Group.
8.Zhuravlev M.S. Interoperabel`nost` kak faktor razvitiya prava v sfere e`lektronnogo zdravooxraneniya // Pravo. Zhurnal Vy`sshej shkoly` e`konomiki. 2019. № 3 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interoperabelnost-kak-faktor-razvitiya-prava-v-sfere-elektronnogo-zdravoohraneniya.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Change of the Seat of Arbitration or Applicable Law
LYAMPORT Alexander Alexandrovich
Postgraduate Student of Lomonosov Moscow State University
119234, Moscow, Lenin Mountains, bld. 1, block 13, Russian Federation
Abstract: In the context of sanctions imposed by various states, Russian individuals have encountered difficulties in defending their rights at the stage of international arbitral proceedings. In such cases, Russian individuals under sanctions have sought to modify the seat of arbitration or the applicable law to avoid the negative consequences of the rejection of an arbitral award or the dismissal of claims. However, in most cases, arbitral tribunals have denied the parties’ applications to change the seat of arbitration. Nevertheless, the article provides examples from judicial and arbitration practice that indicate the possibility of changing the seat of arbitration. With respect to the change of applicable law, the author points to the application of the concept of inherent powers, which is exercised with extreme caution in practice.
Keywords: international commercial arbitration, seat of arbitration, inherent powers, applicable law, sanctions
Список источников / References
1.Rethinking the Paradigms of International Arbitration: ICC Dossier XX: ICC Institute of World Business Law / B.M. Cremades, P. Peterson. Kluwer Law International, 2023. P. 17–35.
2.Hernández J.P. Changed circumstances affecting the arbitral seat // The Treaty Examiner. 2020. № 2. P. 49–55.
3.Selection of Arbitral Seat in International Arbitration // International Commercial Arbitration / G.B. Born. Third ed. Kluwer Law International, 2021. Chapter 14. P. 756–757.
4.Procedural Order № 2 (Jurisdiction, Arbitrator Challenge, Place of Arbitration and Applicable Law) – 16 July 2013 of the Huntington Ingalls Inc. v. Ministry of Defense of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (II) (Final Award of the Ad Hoc Arbitration of 19 February 2018).
5.Award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration attached to the Photovoltaik Knopf Betriebs-GmbH v. The Czech Republic of 15 May 2019 on case № 2014-21.
6.Award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration attached to the I.C.W. Europe Investments Limited v. The Czech Republic of 15 May 2019 on case № 2014-22.
7.Award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration attached to the Voltaic Network GmbH v. The Czech Republic of 15 May 2019 on case № 2014-20.
8.Award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration attached to the WA Investments-Europa Nova Limited v. The Czech Republic of 15 May 2019 on case № 2014-19.
9.Award of the Ad hoc Arbitration attached to the Nurhima Kiram Fornan, Fuad A Kiram, Sheramar T Kiram, Permaisuli Kiram-Guerzon, Taj-Mahal Kiram-Tarsum Nuqui, Ahmad Narzad Kiram Sampang, Jenny KA Sampang and Widz-Raunda Kiram Sampang v. Malaysia of 28 Feb. 2022.

Index

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