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HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
The Cumulative Effect of Art and Law (On the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of N.K. Roerich)
BAGREEVA Elena Gennadievna
Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Leading Researcher at the State University of Land Management
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the legal and artistic work of N.К. Roerich, which helps us today to concentrate efforts on preserving traditional values. The relevance of the legal documents developed by N.К. Roerich and based on the international treaties of 1935 and 1954 on the responsibility of countries to ensure the preservation of cultural values is emphasized. In conclusion, the conclusion is formulated about the cumulative effect of the influence of the ideas of the artist and the lawyer when using socio-cultural and power regulators of public relations for the purpose of sustainable development of the country based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values.
Keywords: N.К. Roerich, law, culture, traditional spiritual and moral values, art, paintings, the Roerich Pact
References
1.ria.ru›20240612/invalidy-1952341878.html.
2.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 09.11.2022 № 809 «Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki po soxraneniyu i ukrepleniyu tradicionny`x rossijskix duxovno-nravstvenny`x cennostej» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/48502.
3.Rerix N.K. Miloserdie // Rerix N.K. O Vechnom... M.: Politizdat,1991.
4.Shaposhnikova L.V. Velikoe puteshestvie: v 3 kn. Kn. 1: Master. M.: MCzR: Master-Bank, 2006.
5.Avtorskij putevoditel` L.P. Zhoxovoj «Znaki i poslaniya v karel`skix kartinax Nikolaya Rerixa». SPb.: Petrozavodsk, 2019.
6.https://finance.rambler.ru/economics/52937755-glava-minvostokrazvitiya-predlozhil-kontseptsiyu-patrioticheskogo-sotsializma/.

HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
Corporations and Institutions: the Experience of Formation of Individual Forms of Legal Entity
DEKHANOV Sergey Alexandrovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian Customs Academy
140015, Moscow region, Lyubertsy, Komsomolsky Ave., 4, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article deals with the historical features of the formation of the concept of a legal entity. The author analyzes the formation and evolutionary development of the concept of a legal entity in Roman law, examines the role of legalists and canonists in this process, and examines in detail other concepts that influenced the formation of modern corporate and unitary legal entities.
Keywords: Roman law, collegia, universitates, societas, legalists, canonists, basic theories of legal entity, corporation, institution
References
1.Azarevich D.I. Iz kursa lekcij po rimskomu pravu. Yaroslavl`, 1882 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://naukaprava.ru/catalog/435/823/901/40638?view=1.
2.Gorbunov M.A. Yuridicheskie licza v rimskom prave [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yuridicheskie– litsa– v– rimskom– prave/viewer.
3.Dekhanov S.A. Cvoboda associacij (ob``edinenij) kak istochnik legitimizacii organizacionno-pravovy`x form yuridicheskix licz grazhdanskogo prava // Chelovek. Obshhestvo. Inklyuziya. 2020. № 3 (43). S. 43–49.
4.Dekhanov S.A Svoboda ob``edinenij (associacij) kak dominanta organizacionno-pravovy`x form advokatskix obrazovanij // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGYuA). 2020. № 11 (75). S. 54–61.
5.Suvorov N.S. Ob yuridicheskix liczax po rimskomu pravu [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://civil.consultant.ru/elib/books/8.
6.Tal` L.S. Trudovoj dogovor: civilisticheskoe issledovanie. Ch. 1: Obshhie ucheniya. S. 211 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://naukaprava.ru/read/?id=56954.
7.Puchta G.F. Cursus der Institutionen, 1798–1846. University of California Libraries. 1841 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://archive.org/details/cursusderinstitu01puch.
8.Savigny F.C.V. System des heutigen romischen Rechts. Bd. II. Berlin, 1840.
9.Windscheid B. Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts. Bd. I. 8. Aufl. Frankfurt, 1900.

HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
Understanding Justice in Soviet and Modern Criminal Law Doctrine
NIFTALIEVA Irina Alisalamovna
Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, 130, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the positions of legal scholars of the Soviet period from the point of view of the idea of justice, and also presents approaches to the interpretation of this principle in modern criminal law doctrine.
Keywords: justice, category, idea, principle, criminal law, criminal law doctrine, criminal liability, punishment
References
1.Kozlovskij M.Yu. Proletarskaya revolyuciya i ugolovnoe pravo // Oktyabr`skij perevorot i diktatura proletariata. 1919. S. 231–240.
2.Berman Ya. K voprosu ob ugolovnom kodekse socialisticheskogo gosudarstva // Proletarskaya revolyuciya i pravo. 1919. № 2–4. S. 35–52.
3.Mokrinskij S.P. Pokushenie i prigotovlenie v sovetskom prave // Sovetskoe pravo. 1927. № 1. S. 56–81.
4.Vy`shinskij A.Ya. Voprosy` teorii gosudarstva i prava. M.: Gosyurizdat, 1949.
5.Dagel` P.S. Rol` ugolovnoj repressii v period razvernutogo stroitel`stva kommunizma: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. L., 1962.
6.Fefelov P.A. Ponyatie i sistema principov sovetskogo ugolovnogo prava. Sverdlovsk: Sredne-Ural`skoe kn. izd-vo, 1970.
7.Kelina S.G., Kudryavcev V.N. Principy` sovetskogo ugolovnogo prava. M.: Nauka, 1988.
8.Lopashenko N.A. Vvedenie v ugolovnoe pravo: ucheb. posob. M.: Volters Kluver, 2009.
9.Naumov A.V. Rossijskoe ugolovnoe pravo. Obshhaya chast`: kurs lekcij. 6-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Prospekt, 2020.
10.Niftalieva I.A. Princip spravedlivosti v ugolovnom prave: problemy` realizacii v zakonodatel`stve i pravoprimenitel`noj praktike: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Volgograd, 2022.

HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
The Emergence and Development of Environmental Law in the Pre-Revolutionary Period of Russia
SARVARTDINOV Marat Rashitovich
Postgraduate Student of Ufa University of Science and Technology
450039, Ufa, Z. Validi str., 32, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the historical formation and development of regulatory regulation of relations between nature management and environmental protection in the pre-revolutionary period of Russia.
Keywords: the development of regulatory regulation of environmental law, environmental legislation, historical stages of the formation of environmental law
References
1.Brinchuk M.M. E`kologicheskij oby`chaj kak istochnik e`kologicheskogo prava // Astraxanskij vestnik e`kologicheskogo obrazovaniya. 2019. № 1(49).
2.Brinchuk M.M. Zakony` prirody` i obshhestva: monografiya: v 2 ch. Ch. II. M.: Yurlitin-form, 2015.
3.Bulgakov M.B., Yalbulganov A.A. Prirodooxranny`e akty`: ot «Russkoj pravdy`» do petrovskix vremen // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 1996. № 8. S. 136–146.
4.Vedrov S.V. O lesosoxranenii po russkomu pravu. SPb., 1878.
5.Gladkov N.A., Mixeev A.V., Galushin V.M. Oxrana prirody`. M.: Prosveshhenie, 1975.
6.Kochnov D.I., Mal`donado-Popova A.A., Merkulova T.A. i dr. Pravovoe regulirovanie ispol`zovaniya i oxrany` lesov po zakonodatel`stvu Rossijskoj Federacii i zarubezhny`x stran: monografiya / otv. red. Yu.I. Shupleczova. M.: Institut zakonodatel`stva i sravnitel`nogo pravovedeniya pri Pravitel`stve Rossijskoj Federacii: INFRA-M, 2016.
7.Lisina N.L. Istoriya razvitiya rossijskogo zakono-datel`stva po oxrane okruzhayushhej sredy` v gorodax (X v. – pervaya chetvert` XVIII v.) // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «E`konomika i pravo». 2017. T. 27. Vy`p. 2. S. 127–132 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoriya-razvitiya-rossiyskogo-zakonodatelstva-po-ohrane-okruzhayuschey-sredy-v-gorodah-x-v-pervaya-chetvert-xviii-v/viewer.
8.Maly`shko N.I. Gosudarstvenny`j kontrol` za oxranoj atmosfernogo vozduxa. Kiev, 1982. S. 19–20.
9.Solov`ev S.M. Istoriya Rossii s drevnejshix vremen. M.: My`sl`, 1993. T. 7–8.
10.Puryaeva A.Yu. Ustav o lesax 1905 goda kak istochnik lesnogo zakonodatel`stva dorevolyucionnoj Rossii // E`konomika. Nalogi. Pravo. 2011. № 3 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ustav-o-lesah-1905-goda-kak-istochnik-lesnogo-zakonodatelstva-dorevolyutsionnoy-rossii.
11.Fefelova I.A. Istoriya vozniknoveniya i razvitiya e`kologicheskogo prava // Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. 2010. № 10.
12.Shibaev V.V. Istoriya lesnogo zakonodatel`stva i upravleniya lesny`m xozyajstvom ural`skix zavodov v pervoj polovine XIX v. // Dokument. Arxiv. Istoriya. Sovremennost`. Vy`p. 14. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta, 2014.
13.Polozhenie o sberezhenii lesov // Poln. sobr. zakonov Rossijskoj Imperii. 1888. Sobr. 3-e. T. VIII.
14.Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii s 1649 goda. T. V. 1715–1719. № 3382. Tip. II Otdeleniya Sobstvennoj Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva Kancelyarii, 1830.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
Forms of Lawyer Firms in the Republic of Korea
BIRIUKOV Pavel Nikolaevich
Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of the Department of International and Eurasian Law of Voronezh State University
394018, Russia, Voronezh, University Square, 1, Russian Federation
REKHOVSKY Alexander Fedorovich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Justice, Prosecutor's Supervision and Criminalistics of Far Eastern Federal University
690090, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Ayaks village, 10, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article is the second in a series about the legal profession of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the responsibilities of lawyers and forms of legal firms in South Korea. The authors describe the legal framework for the activities of lawyers. The issue of the form of lawyer entities is considered in detail. The procedure for establishing law offices, firms and colleges is examined. In conclusion, it is concluded that the legal profession system in Korea is a combination of traditional Korean and Western legal principles. It is distinguished by high professionalism and the ability of lawyers to represent clients' interests at a high level. It is important to note that the system has strict quality control of services, which ensures reliable protection of customer rights.
Keywords: Republic of Korea; advocacy; forms of lawyer entities; responsibilities of a lawyer and lawyer firms
References
1.Biryukov P.N., Rexovskij A.F. Advokatura v Respublike Koreya: istoriya formirovaniya, poluchenie statusa advokata // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2024. № 3(68). S. 32.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
On Some Issues of Providing Free Legal Aid by Lawyers: History and Modernity
KRUGLYAKOV Sergey Valeryevich
Advocate of the Moscow Region Chamber of Advocates, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Advocacy of the Moscow State Law University
125993, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya St., 9, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the issues of free legal aid provided by lawyers of the Russian Federation, touches on the history of this issue, theoretical issues and the current stage of the activity of the bar.
Keywords: advocate, lawyer, advocacy, The Russian Federal Bar Association, qualified legal assistance, social and legal function, legal assistance by appointment, free legal assistance, pro bono
References
1.Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii (prinyata vsenarodny`m golosovaniem 12.12.1993 s izmeneniyami, odobrenny`mi v xode obshherossijskogo golosovaniya 01.07.2020) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/constitution.
2.Kutafin O.E. Osnovy` gosudarstva i prava: ucheb. posob. M., 2000. S. 8.
3.Platon. Gosudarstvo, Akademicheskij proekt. M., 2015, S. 138–139.
4.Zasedanie Soveta po strategicheskomu razvitiyu i na-cional`ny`m proektam [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https:// http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73083.
5.Advokatskaya palata Moskovskoj oblasti [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://apmo.ru/advokaty-palaty.
6.Dostup k pravosudiyu. Pravovaya zashhita i pomoshh`. S. 33, 12 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/10-52547_2_Justice_4_ebook.pdf.
7.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 21 noyabrya 2011 g. № 324-FZ (red. ot 25.12.2023) «O besplatnoj yuridicheskoj pomoshhi v Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102152039.
8.Yarty`x I.S. Besplatnaya yuridicheskaya pomoshh`: istoriya, mify` i real`nost` // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2015. № 12 (61). Dekabr` [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/besplatnaya-yuridicheskaya-pomosch-istoriya-mify-i-realnost/viewer.
9.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 11.08.1995 № 135-FZ (red. ot 27.11.2023) «O blagotvoritel`noj deyatel`nosti i dobrovol`chestve (volonterstve)» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102037027.
10.Mezhdunarodnaya associaciya yuristov – global`ny`j golos yuridicheskoj professii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.ibanet.org/document?id=C4B06FD6-A807-44D4-A98A-C73B464589C6.
11.Istoriya russkoj advokatury`: Soslovnaya organizaciya advokatury`, 1864–1914 gg. T. 2 / pod red. M.N. Gernet. M.: Izd. Sovetov Prisyazhny`x Poverenny`x, 1916. S. 250–252.
12.Gessen I.V. Yuridicheskaya pomoshh` naseleniyu. SPb., 1904. S. 6.
13.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 31.05.2002 № 63-FZ (red. ot 01.07.2024) «Ob advokatskoj deyatel`nosti i advokature v Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102076346.
14.Kodeks professional`noj e`tiki advokata [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12130519.
15.Otchet o deyatel`nosti Soveta Federal`noj palaty` advokatov RF za period s aprelya 2021 goda po aprel` 2023 goda. S. 7, 8, 50–57 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://fparf.ru/upload/medialibrary/c1e/y1ape23956d6gzqpc9uo1vpous0b1m7w/Otchet-Soveta-FPA_2023.pdf.
16.V Rossii startovala Nedelya pravovoj pomoshhi po voprosam zashhity` interesov sem`i [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/events/50205/.
17.Obshhaya informaciya o KIS AR [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://fparf.ru/cisar/.
18.Frolova M. Popali v nejroseti: xakery` nachali ispol`zovat` v svoix sxemax ChatGPT. E`ksperty` rasskazali, pochemu moshenniki stali interesovat`sya iskusstvenny`m intellektom // Izvestiya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://iz.ru/1529956/mariia-frolova/popali-v-neiroseti-khakery-nachali-ispolzovat-v-svoikh-skhemakh-chatgpt.
19.Kak organizovano okazanie besplatnoj yuridicheskoj pomoshhi v sub``ektax Rossijskoj Federacii? // Ministerstvo yusticii Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/appeals/faq/660/.
20.Oleg Emel`yanovich Kutafin [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.oimsla.edu.ru/page/o-deyatelnosti-oe-kutafina.
21.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 30 noyabrya 1994 goda № 51-FZ (red. ot 16.05.2023) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102033239.
22.Ugolovno-processual`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 18 dekabrya 2001 goda № 174-FZ (red. 29.05.2024) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102073942.
23.Uroven` bednosti v Rossii po godam: 1992–2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs] URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/13723.
24.Nauchno-prakticheskij kommentarij k Federal`nomu zakonu ot 31 maya 2002 g. № 63-FZ «Ob advokatskoj deyatel`nosti i advokature v Rossijskoj Federacii» / pod obshh. red. d-ra yurid. nauk, prof. A.G. Kuchereny`. M.: Delovoj dvor, 2009.
25.Rossiev V.V. Besplatnaya yuridicheskaya pomoshh` v Rossijskoj Federacii i nekotory`x postsovetskix stranax // Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya «Pravo». 2022. T. 19. № 4. S. 38–48 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/besplatnaya-yuridicheskaya-pomosch-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-nekotoryh-postsovetskih-stranah/viewer.
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27.Rezolyuciya, prinyataya General`noj Assambleej OON ot 20 dekabrya 2012 goda [po dokladu Tret`ego komiteta (A/67/458)] 67/187, Principy` i rukovodyashhie polozheniya Organizacii Ob``edinenny`x Nacij, kasayushhiesya dostupa k yuridicheskoj pomoshhi v sistemax ugolovnogo pravosudiya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n12/489/84/pdf/n1248984.pdf?token=WEDaAP4s9V9h42U2MA&fe=true.
28.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 01.12.2012 № 1240 (red. ot 13.06.2024) «O poryadke i razmere vozmeshheniya processual`ny`x izderzhek, svyazanny`x s ugolovny`m sudoproizvodstvom, izderzhek v svyazi s rassmotreniem dela arbitrazhny`m sudom, grazhdanskogo dela, administrativnogo dela, a takzhe rasxodov v svyazi s vy`polneniem trebovanij Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii i o priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotory`x aktov Soveta Ministrov RSFSR i Pravitel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii» (red. ot 13 iyunya 2024 g.) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_478660/92d969e26a4326c5d02fa79b8f9cf4994ee5633b/#dst100005.
29.Manova N.S., Sibircev G.I. Sushhnost` i celi ugolovno-processual`noj zashhity` // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGYuA). 2020. № 11 (75). S. 78–87.
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33.Prikaz Ministerstva yusticii Rossijskoj Federacii ot 20 maya 2024 g. № 157 «Ob utverzhdenii standarta okazaniya besplatnoj yuridicheskoj pomoshhi sub``ektami, ukazanny`mi v punkte 4 chasti 1 i chasti 2 stat`i 15, chasti 2 i 22 Federal`nogo zakona ot 21.11.2011 № 324-FZ «O besplatnoj yuridicheskoj pomoshhi v Rossijskoj Federacii», i poryadka obespecheniya kontrolya za soblyudeniem ego trebovanij» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/3668435.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Challenging Evidence Based on the Results of Operational Investigative Activities by Advocates: Problems And Solutions
GARMAEV Yury Petrovich
Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Procedure and Criminalistics of Buryat State University
670000, Ulan-Ude, Smolina str., 24a, Russian Federation
VIKULOV Oleg Valerevich
Advocate, Member of Advocate Chamber of the Republic of Buryatia
670000, Ulan-Ude, Smolina str., 24a, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the problems associated with numerous gaps in the legislative regulation of operational investigative activities (OIA), which naturally form a contradictory law enforcement practice. In turn, according to many interviewed lawyers, it often develops not in favor of the legitimate interests of the defense, since the notorious accusatory bias often manifests itself in the activities of representatives of the prosecution and individual judges. As a result, a significant part of lawyers experience the phenomenon of denying the effectiveness of any attempts to challenge evidence obtained as a result of the OIA (in short, the phenomenon of denial). Typical arguments of lawyers characterizing this phenomenon are analyzed, arguments for their refutation are formulated.
The purpose of the study is to propose recommendations based on law and judicial practice that ensure effective protection in criminal cases. Arguments to refute the phenomenon of denial are formulated with references to the practice-forming decisions of the higher courts. The structure of the work, in addition to the traditional ones: introduction, research methodology and conclusions, includes three more sections devoted to: the arguments of the phenomenon of denial and their refutation; the level of qualification of individual lawyers; strategies and tactics of defense aimed at compromise of the parties.
Methodological basis of the research: dialectical method, systematic approach, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, special legal, sociological methods, including questionnaires, interviews. Special research methods also included initiation and subsequent analysis of discussions on video content on the Internet, analysis of the results of training sessions for lawyers and investigators.
As a result, the conclusions are formulated that, in addition to gaps in legislation and accusatory bias, one of the reasons for the phenomenon of denial is the low level of qualification of individual lawyers in matters related to the OIA. Professional defenders are offered not only a system of legal arguments, but also principles and tactics of effective defense. The scope of application of the research results is the practical activities of the parties in criminal proceedings and teaching.
Keywords: operational investigative activities, violations of the law, conversations about gangs, criminal defense lawyers, tactics of reaching compromises in the criminal process, provocation of a crime
References
1.Shumilov A.Yu. Operativno-rozy`sknaya nauka v Rossijskoj Federacii: monografiya: v 3 t. M.: Izdatel`skij dom I.I. Shumilovoj, 2013. T. I.
2.Zheleznyak N.S. Voprosy` aktualizacii Federal`nogo zakona «Ob operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`nosti»: monografiya. Krasnoyarsk: SibYuI MVD Rossii, 2019.
3.Chupilkin Yu.B. Kachestvo pravovogo regulirovaniya operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`nosti kak garantiya soblyudeniya prav lichnosti // Razvitie yuridicheskoj nauki v novy`x usloviyax: edinstvo teorii i praktiki–2020: sb. dokladov po materialam Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Rostov n/D: Taganrog: Yuzhny`j federal`ny`j universitet, 2020. S. 532–535.
4.Proekt «Besedy` ob ORD» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/TSwnJ.
5.Borkov V.N. Otgranichenie provokatora ot podstrekatelya, dazhe esli e`to odno i to zhe liczo // Zakonnost`. 2021. № 3. S. 46–49.
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8.Garmaev Yu.P. Kompromiss kak obshhaya zadacha storon zashhity` i obvineniya v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus: Kommentarii zakonodatel`stva».
9.Oshibki i narusheniya zakonodatel`stva v sfere operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`nosti [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://legalacademy.ru/course/6040740.
10.«Dosmotr» v ramkax operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`-nosti ne dopustim! (Besedy` ob ORD. Seriya 74) [E`lektron-ny`j resurs]. URL: https://youtu.be/JmqTVi7JmUM.
11.Zor`kin V.D. Sovremenny`j mir, pravo i Konstituciya. M.: Norma, 2010.
12.Teoriya operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`nosti: uchebnik / pod red. K.K. Goryainova, V.S. Ovchinskogo. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Infra-M, 2018.
13.Operativno-rozy`sknaya deyatel`nost` v resheniyax Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii: nauch.-praktich. posob. / A.E. Chechetin, I.D. Shatoxin, A.A. Shmidt. Barnaul: Barnaul`skij yuridicheskij institut MVD Rossii, 2022.
14.Nazarov A.D. Obvinitel`ny`j uklon v deyatel`nosti sub``ektov, vedushhix ugolovny`j process, kak faktor, sposobstvuyushhij poyavleniyu oshibok v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2015. № 9. S. 149–154.
15.O kachestve zhalob, xodatajstv advokatov po povodu ORD i mnogom inom (Besedy` ob ORD. Seriya 7) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://youtu.be/6duBq7cddZE.
16.Voskobitova L.A. Obvinenie ili obvinitel`ny`j uklon? // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2014. № 3. C. 455–462.
17.Gorelik V.Ya. Torzhestvo obvinitel`nogo uklona // E`Zh-Yurist. 2015. № 15.
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19.https://fparf.ru/documents/fpa-rf/documents-of-the-congress/the-code-of-professional-ethics-of-lawyer/?ysclid=lzven44pfl767592500.
20.Kassacionnoe opredelenie Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 31 yanvarya 2012 g. № 11-O12-1 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://internet.garant.ru.
21.Kassacionnoe opredelenie Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 22 sentyabrya 2008 g. № 69-O08-37 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://internet.garant.ru.
22.Brester A.A. Oby`sk, osmotr, obsledovanie: prava cheloveka i interesy` sledstviya. M.: Institut prava i publichnoj politiki, 2022.
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25.Gusev V. A. Problemy` realizacii konstitucionnogo prava na poluchenie kvalificirovannoj yuridicheskoj pomoshhi v sfere operativno-rozy`skny`x pravootnoshenij // Konstitucionalizaciya operativno-rozy`sknoj deyatel`nosti: materialy` mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Omsk: Omskaya akademiya MVD Rossii, 2022. S. 38–42.
26.Chupilkin Yu.B. Uchastie advokata v operativno-rozy`skny`x meropriyatiyax // Ugolovny`j process. 2018. № 6. S. 32–40.
27.Chupilkin Yu.B. Garantii prava lichnosti na chastnuyu zhizn` pri proslushivanii telefonny`x peregovorov // Rossijskij sud`ya. 2019. № 7. S. 17–21.
28.O kachestve zhalob, xodatajstv advokatov po povodu ORD i mnogom inom (Besedy` ob ORD. Seriya 7) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://youtu.be/6duBq7cddZE.
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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Attorney-Client Privilege as a Procedural Guarantee of the Rights of the Defendant
ASANOVA Umutay Alibayevna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Law Faculty of Osh State University
723500, Osh, Lenina st., 331, Kyrgyz Republic
Abstract: The article reveals the legislation, views and positions of researchers are analyzed, which allowed the author to objectively assess the role and importance of the attorney-client privilege in the criminal proceedings.
Keywords: lawyer, attorney-client privilege, confidentiality
References
1.Zakon Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki ot 14 iyulya 2014 goda № 135 «Ob Advokature Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki i advokatskoj deyatel`nosti», stat`ya 15.
2.Zakon Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki ot 14 iyulya 2014 goda № 135 «Ob Advokature Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki i advokatskoj deyatel`nosti», stat`ya 30.
3.https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc.
4.Cypkin A.L. Advokatskaya tajna // Voprosy` advokatury`. 2001. № 2 (30). S. 55–86.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Essence and Content of the Concepts «Brand» and «Branding»
KARPOVA Svetlana Vasilievna
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Marketing of Financial University under the Go-vernment of the Russian Federation, Member of the Council of the Non-Commercial Partnership «Guild of Marketers»
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49/2, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes modern approaches to defining the concepts of «brand» and «branding». A study of the definitions of the concepts under consideration is carried out. The main components of branding are highlighted: brand attributes, brand image, emotional and functional brands, brand communication. The scheme of interaction of branding models is considered. A conclusion is made about the need to take into account modern interpretations of the concepts of «brand» and «branding» and their components in the process of improving legislation in the field of copyright and trademark protection.
Keywords: brand, branding, consumer, product, service, interaction.
References
1.By`kov I.A. Texnologii brendinga: konspekt lekcij. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvenny`j universitet, 2009.
2.Glossarij po marketingu: ucheb. posob. dlya bakalavrov / pod red. S.V. Karpova. M.: Paleotip, 2013.
3.Karpova S.V. i dr. Innovacionny`j marketing: uchebnik dlya bakalavriata i magistratury` / pod red. S.V. Karpovoj. M.: Yurajt, 2018.
4.Karpova S.V., Rozhkov I.V., Voronina V.S. Osobennosti vliyaniya reklamny`x stimulov na povedenie potrebitelej // E`konomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii. 2019. № 5. S. 43–46.
5.Karpova S.V., Zaxarenko I.K. Brending: uchebnik i praktikum dlya prikladnogo bakalavriata. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurajt, 2023.
6.Kotler F. Osnovy` marketinga: per. s angl. M.: Biznes-kniga: IMA-Kross. Plyus, 1995.
7.Shevchenko D.A., Ponomareva E.V. Upravlenie brendom: uchebnik. M.: Direkt-Media, 2022.
8.Franzen G., Moriarty S. The science and art of branding. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 2009.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Separate Issues of Customs Clearance and Taxation of Foreign Economic Activity
KAURAKOVA Maria Viktorovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, г. Москва, Ленинградский пр., д. 49, Российская Федерация
DAVLIEVA Venera Ildusovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of State Legal Disciplines of Kazan Branch of All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
420126, Kazan, Fatykh Amirkhan str., zd. 14, Russian Federation
Abstract: Purpose of article is to highlight certain issues of customs clearance and taxation of foreign economic activity. The methodological basis of the study is dialectical, systemic and modeling method.
In the present paper have been shown the specifics of taxation of transport expedition transactions. Reflected the specifics of challenging the classes of the decision to assign codes to Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. Discussed the specifics of the import and use of veterinary drugs produced in the Republic of Belarus on the territory of the Russian Federation. Considered certain issues of industrial equipment supply and provision of installation supervision services in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Reflected the specifics of food exports to the Republic of Kazakhstan. Considered the peculiarities of legal protection and protection of intellectual property in the framework of foreign economic activity. Considered the specifics of confirming the zero VAT rate on exports. Reflected the specifics of settlements on foreign economic transactions in cryptocurrency.
The article answers the most pressing issues in customs clearance and taxation of foreign economic transactions.
Keywords: export, foreign economic activity, VAT, import, customs clearance
References
1.Dogovor o Evrazijskom e`konomicheskom soyuze (Podpisan v g. Astane 29.05.2014).
2.Nalogovy`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` vtoraya) ot 05.08.2000 № 117-FZ.
3.Nalogovy`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya) ot 31.07.1998 № 146-FZ.
4.Opredelenie Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 10.08.2021 № 305-E`S21-14094 po delu № A41-4212/2020.
5.Opredelenie Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 03.10.2022 № 309-E`S22-13336 po delu № A07-16494/2020.
6.Opredelenie Sudebnoj kollegii po e`konomicheskim sporam Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 22.12.2020 № 307-E`S20-13121 po delu № A66-5900/2019.
7.Pis`mo Minsel`xoza Rossii ot 14.08.2015 № 25/2347.
8.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 27.06.2023 № F05-11751/2023 po delu № A40-193706/2022.
9.Postanovlenie Devyatnadczatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 15.12.2021 № 19AP-6499/2021 po delu № A14-3684/2021.
10.Postanovlenie Devyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 24.03.2022 № 09AP-199/2022 po delu № A40-153539/2021.
11.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 26.11.2019 № 49.
12.Postanovlenie Pyatnadczatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 17.06.2022 № 15AP-7275/2022 po delu № A32-20246/2021.
13.Prikaz Rossel`xoznadzora ot 28.07.2021 № 846.
14.Tamozhenny`j kodeks Evrazijskogo e`konomiches-kogo soyuza.
15.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 10.12.2003 № 173-FZ «O valyutnom regulirovanii i valyutnom kontrole».
16.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 3 avgusta 2018 g. № 289-FZ «O tamozhennom regulirovanii v Rossijskoj Federacii i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii».
17.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 31.07.2020 № 259-FZ «O cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivax, cifrovoj valyute i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii».

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Legal Nature of Digital (Virtual) Assets in Accordance with Russian and Azerbaijani Legislation
SHAYDULLINA Venera Kamilevna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of Faculty of Law of State Academic University for the Humanities
119049, Moscow, Maronovsky lane, 26, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the digital revolution as a special stage that brings fundamental changes to the social, legal and economic spheres of society. The author identifies differences in approaches to the regulation of digital assets, noting the features and similarities in the legislation of Russia and Azerbaijan. Analyzing the essence of digital assets, the author emphasizes their value, emphasis on the use of digital technology, intangible nature and ability to circulate on their own. Particular attention is paid to digital financial assets, digital currency and virtual assets. The study found that in Russia the emphasis is on digital financial assets and digital currency, while in Azerbaijan priority is given to virtual assets, excluding some types of assets from this category.
Keywords: digital assets, virtual assets, utilitarian digital rights, cryptocurrency, virtual currencies, cost
References
1.Bagreeva E.G. Vliyanie cifrovizacii obshhestva na balans silovy`x i sociokul`turny`x regulyatorov // Yuridicheskij mir. 2018. № 8. S. 53–56.
2.Investicii na osnove UCzP stali real`nost`yu v Rossii // CNews [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2023-11-09_investitsii_na_osnove_utsp.
3.Ky`rlan M. Pravovoj rezhim cifrovoj valyuty` cherez prizmu sudebnoj praktiki // Pravovoe regulirovanie e`konomicheskoj deyatel`nosti. PRE`D. 2023. № 4. S. 96–101.
4.Laptev V.A. Cifrovy`e aktivy` kak ob``ekty` grazhdanskix prav // Yuridicheskaya nauka i praktika: Vestnik Nizhegorodskoj akademii MVD Rossii. 2018. № 2. S. 159–204.
5.Masshtaby` kriptovalyutnogo ry`nka v Rossii – issledovanie «RBK-Kripto» // vc.ru [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://vc.ru/crypto/732232-masshtaby-kriptovalyutnogo-rynka-v-rossii-issledovanie-rbk-kripto.
6.Rozhkova M.A. Yavlyaetsya li cifrovoe pravo otrasl`yu prava i nuzhno li ozhidat` poyavleniya Cifrovogo kodeksa? // Xozyajstvo i pravo. 2020. № 4. C. 3–13.
7.Saidov R.F. K voprosu o ponyatii cifrovy`x aktivov v grazhdanskom oborote // Agrarnoe i zemel`noe pravo. 2022. № 6(210). S. 46–47.
8.Sannikova L.V., Xaritonova Yu.S. Cifrovy`e aktivy` kak ob``ekty` predprinimatel`skogo oborota // Pravo i e`konomika. 2018. № 4. S. 25–30.
9.Statistika vy`puska cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivov (CzFA). Sovet po professional`ny`m kvalifikaciyam finansovogo ry`nka [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://asprof.ru/news/corpnews/pub/5665

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Legal Regulation of Capital and Non-Capital Facilities
ASILALOV Dzhabrail Zakharovich
Postgraduate Student at the State University of Land Management
105064, Moscow, Kazakova str., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: In modern public relations, urban development occupies an important place, requires special attention, order and legislative regulation. One of the key elements in this area are capital construction and non-capital facilities, which are defined in the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. It is important to distinguish between capital and non-capital facilities, since their regulation is essential for the organization of the construction process and the use of the territory.
Keywords: capital construction facilities, non-capital facilities, legal regulation, construction, placement
References
1.Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii (prinyata vsena-
rodny`m golosovaniem 12.12.1993 s izmeneniyami, odobrenny`mi v xode obshherossijskogo golosovaniya 01.07.2020) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/constitution.
2.Vodny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 03.06.2006 № 74-FZ. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2018.
3.Gradostroitel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 29.12.2004 № 190-FZ (s izm. i dop. ot 21.07.2014, № 219-FZ). M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2017.
4.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya): Federal`ny`j zakon ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (red. ot 30.12.2015, № 457-FZ). M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2015.
5.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 25.10.01 № 136 (s izm. i dop. ot 30.12.2015, № 460-FZ). M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 2016.
6.O gosudarstvennoj registracii nedvizhimosti: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 13.07.2015 № 218-FZ (red. ot 03.07.16 s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 02.01.2017). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant 2017».
7.Varlamov A.A. Sistema gosudarstvennogo i municipal`nogo upravleniya: ucheb. posob. / FGBOU VPO «Gosudarstvenny`j universitet po zemleustrojstvu». M., 2014. S. 395.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Concept and Legal Nature of Contractual Donation Construction
NIKOLAEV Sergey Vladimirovich
Student of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
117638, Moscow, st. Azovskaya, 2, bldg. 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article analyzes the legal nature of a gift agreement, where it is established regarding the controversial construction in the form of a real gift model that doctrinally it should be counted among the agreements that are a contract and generate a direct real (administrative) effect, since the mechanism of a real contract is designed exclusively for contractual relations with a binding legal orientation, which cannot be said actually, about the very design of the real donation model, executed at the time of its conclusion, where the execution itself is the beginning and final stage of the contractual relationship. It is also stated that the real model of donation should be qualified exclusively as a real contract within the meaning of Article 433 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, while excluding the possibility of using the construction of a real contract based strictly on the definition of a thing as a material (bodily) substance.
Keywords: donation, real contract, obligation, legal nature, thing, property, gratuitousness
References
1.Suxanov E.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo: uchebnik: v 4 t. T. 3. M.: Statut, 2020.
2.Mejer D.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo: v 2 ch. Ch. 1. M., 1997. (Klassika rossijskoj civilistiki).
3.Pobedonoscev K.P. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava. T. II. SPb., 1896.
4.Ioffe O.S. Obyazatel`stvennoe pravo. M.: Yurid. lit., 1975.
5.Braginskij M.I. Dogovornoe pravo: dogovory` o peredache imushhestva / pod red. V.V. Vitryanskogo. 4-e izd. M.: Statut, 2011.
6.Karapetov A.G. Ispolnenie i prekrashhenie obyazatel`stva: kommentarij k stat`yam 307–328 i 407–419 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii / A.O. Batishhev, A.A. Gromov, A.G. Karapetov i dr.; otv. red. A.G. Karapetov. M.: M-Logos, 2022.
7.My`skin A.V. Dogovor budushhego dareniya: prakticheskij vzglyad na teoreticheskuyu problemu // Notarius. 2018. № 8. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Features Of Managing Internet Marketing Tools in a Digital Environment
ROZHKOV Ilya Vyacheslavovich
Candidate of Economical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing and Sports Business of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Member of the Non-Commercial Partnership «Guild of Marketers»
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49/2, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the phenomenon of modern Internet marketing through the prism of managing its tools. It is noted that modern Internet marketing technologies are characterized by a number of distinctive features and advantages compared to traditional methods of market activity. The main types of Internet marketing tools include: content marketing, email marketing, SEO optimization, paid advertising, placement on marketplaces, and social media marketing.
Keywords: advertising, marketing tools, internet marketing, digital profile, target audience
References
1.Federal`ny`j zakon «O reklame»: Federal`ny`j zakon № 38-FZ (prinyat Gosudarstvennoj Dumoj 16 sent. 2003 g., odobren Sovetom Federacii 22 fev. 2006 g.) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru /document/cons_doc_LAW_58968/.
2.Internet-marketing: uchebnik dlya vuzov / O.N. Zhil`czova i dr.; pod obshh. red. O.N. Zhil`czovoj. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurajt, 2023.
3.Lazarev B.Ya. Instrumenty` internet-marketinga, ispol`zuemy`e sovremenny`mi predpriyatiyami // StudNet. 2022. № 1 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/instrumenty-internet-marketinga-ispolzuemye-sovremennymi-predpriyatiyami.
4.Rozhkov I.V. Informacionny`j marketing kak novaya forma upravleniya ry`nochnoj deyatel`nost`yu innovacionny`x predpriyatij // Nauchny`e trudy` Vol`nogo e`konomicheskogo obshhestva Rossii. 2011. T. 155. S. 348–353.
5.Rozhkov I.V. Sostoyanie ry`nka programmnogo obespecheniya avtomatizacii marketingovoj deyatel`nosti // Upravlencheskie nauki. 2012. № 1. S. 98–103.
6.Rozhkov I.V. Informacionny`e osnovy` stanovleniya i razvitiya teorii i praktiki marketinga // E`konomika. Nalogi. Pravo. 2015. № 4. S. 28–37.
7.Rozhkov I.V. Metodicheskie podxody` k formirovaniyu osoznannogo pokupatel`skogo povedeniya v cifrovoj srede // E`konomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii. 2020. № 2. S. 48–52.
8.Kannan P.K., Hongshuang L. Digital marketing: A Framework, review and research agenda // International Journal of Research in Marketing. 2016. Vol. 34. I. I. R. 22–45.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Topical Issues of Transferring Ownership of Land Plots to Citizens in the Far Eastern and Arctic Territories
BALASHOV Daniil Vladimirovich
Postgraduate Student at the State University of Land Management
105064, Moscow, Kazakova srr., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: Ensuring the dynamic strategic development of the Far East and the Arctic is currently one of the key directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation. The development of these regions is hindered by pressing issues such as the decline in natural population growth and migratory outflow. To address these issues, the state programs «Far Eastern Hectare» and «Arctic Hectare» have been developed and implemented. The article examines the main differences between these programs and reviews some examples of law enforcement practices in providing land plots to citizens.
Keywords: Strategic Development of the Far East and the Arctic, Far Eastern Hectare, Arctic Hectare, Land Rights, Judicial Practice
References
1.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 07.05.2024 № 309 «O nacional`ny`x celyax razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202405070015.
2.http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/72951.
3.Andrichenko L.V., Plyugina I.V. Migracionnoe zakonodatel`stvo Rossijskoj Federacii: tendencii razvitiya i praktika primeneniya: monografiya / IZiSP. M.: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2019. S. 24–25.
4.Nacional`naya programma social`no-e`konomiches-kogo razvitiya Dal`nego Vostoka na period do 2024 goda i na perspektivu do 2035 goda, Osnovy` gosudarstvennoj politiki Rossijskoj Federacii v Arktike na period do 2035 goda i Strategiya razvitiya Arkticheskoj zony` Rossijskoj Federacii i obespecheniya nacional`noj bezopasnosti na period do 2035 goda.
5.http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/72097.
6.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 03.11.2018 № 632 «O vnesenii izmenenij v perechen` federal`ny`x okrugov, utverzhdenny`j Ukazom Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13 maya 2000 g. № 849» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_310322/#dst100009.
7.Federal`ny`j zakon «O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal`ny`j zakon «Ob osobennostyax predostavleniya grazhdanam zemel`ny`x uchastkov, naxodyashhixsya v gosudarstvennoj ili municipal`noj sobstvennosti i raspolozhenny`x na territoriyax sub``ektov Rossijskoj Federacii, vxodyashhix v sostav Dal`nevostochnogo federal`nogo okruga, i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» i otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 28.06.2021 № 226-FZ [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_388478/.
8.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 22.06.2006 № 637 (red. ot 22.11.2023) «O merax po okazaniyu sodejstviya dobrovol`nomu pereseleniyu v Rossijskuyu Federaciyu sootechestvennikov, prozhivayushhix za rubezhom» (vmeste s «Gosudarstvennoj programmoj po okazaniyu sodejstviya dobrovol`nomu pereseleniyu v Rossijskuyu Federaciyu sootechestvennikov, prozhivayushhix za rubezhom») [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61111/.
9.https://www.interfax-russia.ru/far-east/main/bolee-120-tys-chelovek-poluchili-uchastki-po-programme-dalnevostochnyy-gektar.
10.https://arctic-russia.ru/article/arkticheskiy-gektar-v-2023-godu-promezhutochnye-itogi-programmy/.
11.https://minvr.gov.ru/press-center/news/za_dva_goda_gektary_v_arktike_vzyali_bolee_5_tysyach_chelovek/.
12.Unikal`ny`j identifikator dela 75RS0025-01-2022-001501-58. https://chitinski--cht.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&name_op=doc&number=306638678&delo_id=41&case_type=0&new=0&text_number=1&srv_num=1.
13.https://oblsud--cht.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&srv_num=1&name_op=case&case_id=18018196&case_uid=0b98bd6b-20aa-4245-86b0-c5132ded2887&delo_id=42.
14.Lipski S.A. Lesnaya amnistiya 2017 goda v komplekse tekushhix pravovy`x problem lesopol`zovatelej // Agrarnoe i zemel`noe pravo. 2017. № 9 (153). S. 66–70.
15.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ (red. ot 14.02.2024) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_33773/.
16.Mezheranov V.I., Plyusnina Yu.A., Bagreeva E.G. Uroven` pravovoj kul`tury` rossiyan v oblasti e`kologiches-kogo prava // Samoupravlenie. 2020. № 3 (120). S. 297–290 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43811859.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Permitted Use of Land Plots: Some Problems in Defining the Concept
SHCHEBLENKOV Maxim Evgenievich
Postgraduate Student of State University of Land Management
105064, Moscow, Kazakova str., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of «types of permitted use of land plots» in the context of land and urban planning law of the Russian Federation. The author examines the positions of other authors on how the concept should be enshrined in legislation, and offers his own version of the definition. The position of the courts on this issue is also being considered.
Keywords: permitted use of land plot, land law, land plot, type of permitted use, court practice
References
1.Zemel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ (red. 14.02.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2001. 29 oktyabrya. № 44. St. 4147.
2.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Severo-Kavkazskogo okruga ot 25.12.2023 po delu № A18-3967/2022.
3.Postanovlenie Tret`ego arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 08.08.2016 po delu № A33-23079/2013.
4.Anisimov A.P. Razreshennoe ispol`zovanie zemel`-ny`x uchastkov: voprosy` teorii // Grazhdanskoe pravo. 2006. № 4. S. 32–35.
5.Bagreeva E.G., Zemlin A.I. Pravovaya kul`tura zakonotvorchestva i pravovy`e problemy` e`kologicheskoj bezopasnosti v sfere transportnogo kompleksa // Yuridicheskij mir. 2019. № 6. S. 30–33.
6.Golichenkov A.K. E`kologicheskoe pravo Rossii: slovar` yuridicheskix terminov: ucheb. posob. dlya studentov vuzov, obuchayushhixsya po napravleniyu 521400 «Yurisprudenciya» i special`nosti 021100 «Yurisprudenciya»: dlya yuridicheskix fakul`tetov universitetov i yuridicheskix vy`sshix uchebny`x zavedenij. M.: Gorodecz, 2008.
7.Krassov O.I. Ponyatie i soderzhanie pravovogo rezhima zemel` // E`kologicheskoe pravo. 2003. № 1. S. 20–25.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Special Aspects of the Legal Regulation of a Convertible Loan Agreement in the USA and United Kingdom
TROFIMOV Ilya Petrovich
Postgraduate student of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines of the Russian Economic University. G.V. Plekhanova, partner and head of the legal consulting department of TIM Consulting Group LLC
115054, Moscow, Stremyanny lane, 36, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article considers the regulation of convertible loan in the U.S., contractual constructions under the SAFE and KISS models, the regulation of convertible loan in the UK is analyzed, including the use of the ASA model.
Keywords: convertible loan, corporate relations, business entity, corporate agreement, investment investments
References
1.Molotnikov A., Yankovskij R. Konvertiruemy`j zaem i perspektivy` ego implementacii v rossijskuyu pravovuyu sistemu // Aktual`ny`e problemy` predprinimatel`skogo prava / pod red. A.E. Molotnikova. M.: Startap, 2015. Vy`p. IV. S. 104–111.
2.Trofimov I.P. Sravnenie pravovogo regulirovaniya dogovora konvertiruemogo zajma v SShA i Rossii // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2023. № 6 (65). S. 104–108.
3.Ryabcev O.A. Konvertiruemy`j zayom po modeli SAFE: Vy`pusknaya kvalifikacionnaya rabota (magisterskaya dissertaciya) po napravleniyu podgotovki «Yurisprudenciya», uroven` podgotovki «Magistr», obrazovatel`naya programma «Magistr chastnogo prava». Moskva, 2022 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2023/05/24/konvertiruemyj_zayom_po_modeli_safe_-_koncepciya_i_mehanizm_raboty_po_rossijskomu_pravu.
4.Sajt proekta «Fond Budushhego» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/future-fund.
5.Dzhudichi Paolo, Agstner Piter. Startapy` i korporativnoe pravo: konkurentnoe davlenie Delave`ra na Italiyu (i Evropu) // European Business Organization Law Review. 2019. Vol. 20 (4). 14 noyabrya.
6.Perri Dzh. SAFEs kak novy`e finansovy`e instrumenty` / J. Perry, M. Bolanos, J. Eatman et al. // Business Law International. 2022. Vy`p. 23. S. 249.
7.Income Tax Act 2007 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/3/contents/.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Regulating Cyberspace through Law
NIKIFOROV Ilya Evgenievich
Postgraduate Student of Department of Public Law of St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Master of law
196135, St. Petersburg, Lensoveta str., 14, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the question of the possibility of regulating cyberspace using legal norms. The opinion that such regulation is impossible is refuted. The progress of the UN in this direction is described. Based on an analysis of the documents adopted by this organization aimed at regulating the digital space, the author proposes a classification of norms on the behavior of states on the Internet and substantiates why the legal regulation of this space is a reasonable step.
Keywords: cyberspace, Internet, sovereignty, responsible behaviour of states, international security
References
1.A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.eff.org/cyberspace-independence.
2.Ermolovich G.P., Zyabkin A.I. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: ucheb.-metod. posob. SPb.: GUAP, 2019. S. 96.
3.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (4 yanvarya 1999 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/a_res_53_70.pdf.
4.Rol` nauki i texniki v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti i razoruzheniya (23 dekabrya 1999 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F54%2F50&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
5.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (20 dekabrya 2000 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F55%2F28&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
6.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacii v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (10 iyulya 2000 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/421270?ln=ru&v=pdf.
7.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacii v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (3 oktyabrya 2001 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/%20449994?v=pdf.
8.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacii v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (7 yanvarya 2002 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F56%2F19&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
9.Rol` nauki i texniki v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti i razoruzheniya (8 dekabrya 2005 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/562559?ln=ru&v=pdf.
10.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacii v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (8 dekabrya 2005 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/562444?ln=ru&v=pdf.
11.Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacii v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (11 avgusta 2017 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1305217?v=pdf.
12.Pooshhrenie otvetstvennogo povedeniya gosudarstv v kiberprostranstve v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (22 dekabrya 2018 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1658328?ln=ru&v=pdf.
13.Pooshhrenie otvetstvennogo povedeniya gosudarstv v kiberprostranstve v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti (12 dekabrya 2019 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F74%2F28&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
14.Protivodejstvie ispol`zovaniyu informacionno-kommunikacionny`x texnologij v prestupny`x celyax (27 dekabrya 2019 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRes%2F74%2F247&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
15.68 sessiya. Punkt 94 predvaritel`noj povestki dnya. Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti. «Gruppa pravitel`stvenny`x e`kspertov po dostizheniyam v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti» (24 iyulya 2013 g.) // Veb-sajt OON. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/68/98(undocs.org).
16.70 sessiya. Punkt 93 predvaritel`noj povestki dnya. Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti. «Gruppa pravitel`stvenny`x e`kspertov po dostizheniyam v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti» (22 iyulya 2015 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/70/174(undocs.org).
17.Rezolyuciya 70-j sessii General`noj Assamblei OON «Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti» (23 dekabrya 2015 g.), p. 1 i 2«a» // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/res/70/237(undocs.org).
18.Rezolyuciya General`noj Assamblei OON «Pravo na neprikosnovennost` lichnoj zhizni v cifrovoj vek» (18 dekabrya 2013 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/RES/68/167(undocs.org).
19.Punkt 13«k» Doklada 70 sessii Punkta 93 predvaritel`noj povestki dnya. Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti. «Gruppa pravitel`stvenny`x e`kspertov po dostizheniyam v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti» (22 iyulya 2015 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/70/174(undocs.org).
20.Rezolyuciya, prinyataya Sovetom po pravam cheloveka, «Pooshhrenie, zashhita i osushhestvlenie prav cheloveka v Internete» (16 iyulya 2012 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet:(un.org).
21.Rezolyuciya General`noj Assamblei OON «Pravo na neprikosnovennost` lichnoj zhizni v e`poxu cifrovy`x texnologij» (18 dekabrya 2014 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/RES/69/166(undocs.org).
22.76 sessiya. Punkt 96 predvaritel`noj povestki dnya. Dostizheniya v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti. «Gruppa pravitel`stvenny`x e`kspertov po dostizheniyam v sfere informatizacii i telekommunikacij v kontekste mezhdunarodnoj bezopasnosti» (14 iyulya 2021 g.) // Veb-sajt OON: [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/76/135(undocs.org).
23.Rezolyuciya, prinyataya Sovetom po pravam cheloveka, «Pooshhrenie, zashhita i osushhestvlenie prav cheloveka v Internete» (14 iyulya 2014 g.) // Veb-sajt OON [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: A/HRC/RES/26/13(undocs.org).

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
A gift agreement in modern civil law through the prism of an analysis of its substantive sides
NIKOLAEV Sergey Vladimirovich
Student of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
117638, Moscow, st. Azovskaya, 2, bldg. 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article examines in detail the complex contractual structure of donation, which provides for an impressive set of legal and technical means in its extensive subject tools, mediating not only the transfer of property into ownership, but also the commission of various legally significant actions to transfer the rights of claims or release from property obligations. In the course of the study, the question of the relationship between the subject and the object of the gift agreement, mixed by the legislator in the design of the gift, is raised. Attention is also focused on the incorrectly established judicial practice regarding whether it is necessary to accompany the gratuitous issuance of a promissory note with a gift agreement under threat of invalidation of the relationship, where the court made the issuance of a promissory note dependent on the commission of civil law transactions, which, of course, contradicts the abstract nature of the design of the promissory note itself, since its legal essence does not need to to prove the grounds for his extradition.
In addition, the study makes a detailed comparison with the donation agreement of such related legal structures in the form of gratuitous debt forgiveness, debt transfer, singular succession, and waiver of a claim.
Keywords: donation, assignment of rights, transfer of debt, debt forgiveness, obligation, object of contract
References
1.Sergeev A.P. Grazhdanskoe pravo: Uchebnik / pod red. Yu.K. Tolstogo. 2018. Ch. II.
2.Braginskij M.I. Dogovornoe pravo: dogovory` o peredache imushhestva / pod red. V.V. Vitryanskogo. 4-e izd. M.: Statut, 2011.
3.Suxanov E.A. Veshhnoe pravo: nauchno-poznavatel`ny`j ocherk. M.: Statut, 2017.
4.Urukov V.N. Peredacha (indossament) vekselya i dogovor dareniya vekselya // Vestnik arbitrazhnoj praktiki. 2018. № 1. S. 38–41.
5.Belov V.A. Chastnoe pravo. Materialy` dlya izucheniya: v 3 t. T. 2. Problemy` obyazatel`stvennogo i dogovornogo prava: ucheb. posob. dlya vuzov. M.: Yurajt, 2023.
6.Varlova N.S. Problemny`e voprosy` pravovogo regulirovaniya dogovora dareniya // Gumanitarny`e nauchny`e issledovaniya. 2019. № 5. S. 9.
7.Karapetov A.G. Ispolnenie i prekrashhenie obyazatel`stva: kommentarij k stat`yam 307–328 i 407–419 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii / A.O. Batishhev, A.A. Gromov, A.G. Karapetov i dr.; otv. red. A.G. Karapetov. M.: M-Logos, 2022.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN EURASIAN SPACE
Providing Compensation to Victims of Crime From Public Funds – Charity or Property Liability of the State?
PANFILOV Gleb Pavlovich
Research Lecturer of St. Petersburg State University, Senior Lawyer of VERSUS.legal law firm
190000, St. Petersburg, Truda Pl., 2, office. 208, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article considers the history of the formation of mechanisms for the restoration of the property status of victims of crime at the expense of public-law entities, the financial resources of which allow to save the victim from the risks of the absence of property of the offender and the impossibility of his identification by law enforcement agencies of the state. The paper examines the prospects for the establishment of public funds for compensation to victims of crime in Russia and the steps taken to achieve this goal.
Keywords: damages, state liability, tort law, public compensation funds, harm caused by crime
References
1.Andreeva I.A. Vozmeshhenie gosudarstvom vreda, prichinennogo v rezul`tate terroristicheskogo akta, kak publichno-pravovoj subinstitut // Konstitucionnoe i municipal`noe pravo. 2008. № 14. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
2.Babaev M.M. Social`ny`e posledstviya prestupnosti: ucheb. posob. M.: Tip. Akademii MVD SSSR, 1982.
3.Bonner A.T. Zakonnost` i spravedlivost` v pravoprimenitel`noj deyatel`nosti // Izbranny`e trudy`: v 7 t. T. III. Principy` grazhdanskogo processual`nogo prava. Primenenie normativny`x aktov v grazhdanskom processe. M.: Prospekt, 2017.
4.Vozmeshhenie material`nogo vreda poterpevshim. Sravnitel`no-pravovoe issledovanie: nauch.-praktich. posob. / otv. red. S.P. Kubancev. M.: IZiSP: Kontrakt, 2016. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
5.Golovko L.V. Gosudarstvo i ego ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo. M.: Gorodecz, 2022.
6.Gubaeva A.K., Sidorova N.A. Vozmeshhenie vreda poterpevshim ot prestuplenij v kontekste edinstva publichno-pravovogo i chastnopravovogo model`nogo regulirovaniya dlya gosudarstv – uchastnikov Sodruzhestva Nezavisimy`x Gosudarstv // Nauchnaya shkola ugolovnogo processa i kriminalistiki Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta: materialy` konferencij 2020–2021 godov. M.: KnoRus, 2021. S. 106–115.
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11.Kant I. Ideya vseobshhej istorii vo vsemirno-grazhdanskom plane // E`lektronnaya biblioteka «Grazhdanskoe obshhestvo v Rossii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.civisbook.ru/files/File/Kant_Idea.pdf.
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16.Muratova N.G., Xasashina R.G. Problemy` sovershenstvovaniya kompensacionny`x mexanizmov zashhity` prav poterpevshix ot prestuplenij v svete obshhepriznanny`x norm i principov mezhdunarodnogo prava // Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya «E`konomika i pravo». 2014. T. 24. Vy`p. 4. S. 190–196.
17.Obzor sudebnoj praktiki Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii № 3, utverzhdyonny`j Prezidiumom Verxovnogo Suda RF 15.11.2023. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
18.O policii: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 07.02.2011 № 3-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2011. № 7. St. 900 (v red. ot 04 avg. 2023 g). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
19.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 27.12.2005 № 523-O. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
20.O protivodejstvii terrorizmu: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 06.03.2006 № 35-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2006. № 11. St. 1146 (v red. ot 10 iyulya 2023 g). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
21.O sobstvennosti v RSFSR: Zakon RSFSR ot 24 dekabrya 1990 g. № 443-1 // Vedomosti SND RSFSR i VS RSFSR. 1990. № 30. St. 416 (utr. silu). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
22.Postanovlenie Evropejskogo Suda po pravam cheloveka ot 28.10.1998 «Delo «Osman (Osman) protiv Soedinennogo Korolevstva» (zhaloba № 23452/94). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
23.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 21.05.2013 № 10-P [E`lektronny`j resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tant Plyus».
24.Savich G.G. Kongress mezhdunarodnogo obshhestva kriminalistov v Xristianii // Yuridicheskaya letopis`. 1891. № 10. S. 256–277.
25.Solov`ev P.A. Aktual`ny`e problemy` vozmeshheniya vreda, prichinyonnogo prestupleniem // Aktual`ny`e voprosy` bor`by` s prestupleniyami. 2016. № 4. S. 40–42.
26.Ue`da K. Prestupnost` i kriminologiya v sovremennoj Yaponii. M.: Progress, 1989.
27.Meiers D. Offender and state compensation for victims of crime: Two decades of development and change // International Review of Victimology. 2014. Vol. 20. P. 145–168.
28.Wing-Cheong C. Support for Victims of Crime in Asia. London: Routledge, 2007. Dostup iz E`BS «Amazon Kindle».

HUMAN RIGHTS IN EURASIAN SPACE
Regional Legal Policy in the Social Sphere: the Concept and Main Priorities
SADRIEVA Damira Nailyevna
Candidate of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law Kazan (Privolzhie) Federal University
420008, Kazan, st. Kremlevskaya, 18, office. 145, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the peculiarities of regional legal policy in the social sphere. The author summarizes the main approaches to its understanding, as well as systematizes the existing conceptual series. In addition, the author examines the main forms and directions of its modern development.
Keywords: social policy, regional legal policy, social sphere, social rights and freedoms of man and citizen
References
1.Balyushina Yu.L. Social`naya politika: ponyatie i sushhnost` // Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal`nogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarny`e i social`ny`e nauki. 2009. № 6. S. 56.
2.Baranova S.V., Lidinfa E.P. Social`no-e`konomiches-kaya politika regionov: celi, zadachi, faktory` ob``ektivnogo vzaimodejstviya // Vestnik sel`skogo razvitiya i social`noj politiki. 2020. №2 (26). S. 25.
3.Zabolev Yu.V. Regional`ny`j menedzhment v usloviyax reformirovaniya byudzhetnoj sistemy` i social`noj sfery` v Rossijskoj Federacii // Sociologiya vlasti. 2008. № 3. S. 62.
4.Lavrik A.Yu. Obshhefederal`ny`j, regional`ny`j i municipal`ny`j urovni pravotvorcheskoj politiki v sovremennoj Rossii: teoreticheskie aspekty` vzaimodejstviya: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2008. S. 7.
5.Maslovskaya M.V., Kushaeva Yu.X. Social`naya politika v sub``ektax Rossijskoj Federacii (na primere Respubliki Mordoviya) // Ogaryov-Online. 2018. № 13(127). S. 1.
6.Muxomet`yarova O.I. Zakonotvorcheskaya deyatel`-nost` kak instrument upravleniya social`noj politikoj regiona // Obshhestvo, e`konomika, upravlenie. 2017. № 1. S. 37.
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8.Podkory`tova R.M. Zakonotvorcheskaya deyatel`-nost` sub``ektov Rossijskoj Federacii v sfere social`noj zashhity` naseleniya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2000. S. 56.
9.Rudkovskij V.A. Pravovaya politika i osushhestvlenie prava. Volgograd, 2009.S. 288.
10.Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2017. № 4. St.  637.
11.Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2021. № 52. Ch. I. St. 8973.
12.Subochev V.V. Pravovaya politika sovremennoj Rossii v sfere lobbizma. Teoreticheskie problemy`: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2002. S. 145.
13.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 24 noyabrya 1995 goda № 181-FZ «O social`noj zashhite invalidov v Rossijskoj Federacii», st. 15 (ch. 3) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9014513/titles/1MH6OU9.
14.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 21 dekabrya 2021 goda № 414-FZ «Ob obshhix principax organizacii publichnoj vlasti v sub``ektax Rossijskoj Federacii», st. 44 (ch. 1, p. 53) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2021. № 52. Ch. I. St. 8973 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9014513/titles/1MH6OU9.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
International Experience in the Use of Technical Means in the Commission of Criminal Procedural Actions
CVOROVIC Dragana
Doctor of Law, Teacher of University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies
11080, Belgrade, Cara Dusana Street, 196, Republic of Serbia
BAGREEVA Elena Gennadievna
Doctor of Law, Professor, PhD, Professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Leading Researcher at the State University of Land Management
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article discusses general observations on the reasons for the use of technical means in criminal proceedings and international legal acts. The analysis of the norms of criminal procedure legislation on the example of the Republic of Serbia and the Russian Federation concerning the possibility of using technical means in criminal proceedings is carried out. The tendency of further expansion of the scope of application of the norms of positive criminal procedure legislation is formulated.
Keywords: technical means, video communication, criminal proceedings, procedural action, procedural body, court, witness
References
1.Burlachuk I.A. Rol` zashhitnika pri ispol`zovanii videokonferenczsvyazi v ugolovnom processe // Sibirskoe yuridicheskoe obozrenie. 2011. № 14. C. 17–19.
2.Volevodz A.G. Pravovy`e osnovy` vzaimnoj pravovoj pomoshhi po ugolovny`m delam s ispol`zovaniem videokonferenczsvyazi // Voenno-yuridicheskij vestnik Privolzhskogo regiona. Samara: Izd-vo Samarskoj gumanitarnoj akademii, 2003. S. 70–96.
3.Ivanov V.V., Serzhantova L.A. Razvitie e`lektronnogo sudoproizvodstva v period pandemii Covid-19 // Vestnik Baltijskogo federal`nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta. Seriya: Gumanitarny`e i obshhestvenny`e nauki. 2021. № 4. C. 34–36.
4.Semenov A.V. Ispol`zovanie sistemy` videokonferenczsvyazi v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: polozhitel`ny`e i negativny`e cherty` // Sibirskie ugolovno-processual`ny`e i kriminalisticheskie chteniya. 2016. № 5 (13). C. 25–30.
5.Farafonova O.A. Videokonferenczsvyaz` v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve Rossijskoj Federacii // Nauchny`j vestnik Omskoj akademii MVD Rossii. 2023. № 3 (90). C. 18–22.
6.Sheremet`ev I.I. Ispol`zovanie cifrovy`x texnologij pri rassmotrenii ugolovny`x del v sude: real`nost` i perspektivy` // Lex russica. 2019. № 5. S. 117–131.
7.Bejatović S. Criminal procedure law // Official Gazette. 2019.
8.Bejatović S. The use of technical means in criminal proceedings and the adequacy of the state reaction to crime // Serbian Association for Criminal Theory and Practice. 2019. P. 117–137.
9.Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse // Official Gazette of the RS – International Agreements. 2010. № 1.
10.Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Serbia // Official Gazette. 2019. № 72/11, 101/11, 121/12, 32/13, 55/14, 35.
11.Čvorović D. The Public Prosecutor as a Powerful Figure of the Modern Criminal Procedural Legislation, Crime and Society of Serbia. Belgrade: Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research, 2015. P. 80–95.
12.Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA // EUR-Lex [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/29/oj.
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17.Škulić M., Miljuš I. Participation of procedural subjects in criminal proceedings through technical means for image and sound transmission // Serbian Association for Criminal Theory and Practice. 2021. P. 137–179.
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19.Ćvorović D. Use of video link in criminal proceedings // Serbian Association for Criminal Theory and Practice. 2015. P. 180–192.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The Effectiveness of the Application of Exemption from Criminal Liability
KRASNENKOVA Elena Valerievna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation
ALESHKO Borislav Evgenievich
Student at the Faculty of Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article considers topical issues of the institution of exemption from criminal responsibility in the Russian legislation. The article identifies main problematic aspects of legal regulation in this sphere, connected with lack of certainty and specification of conditions of discharge from responsibility. Special attention is paid to the inadequacy of the legislative regulation of certain types of exemption from criminal responsibility, and the tasks of implementing the effective application of the norms of exemption from criminal responsibility are also considered.
Keywords: exemption from criminal liability, active repentance, reconciliation with the victim, court fine, individual approach, institution of criminal policy, effectiveness of application
References
1.Brilliantov A.V. Ugolovnoe pravo Rossii. Chasti Obshhaya i Osobennaya. M.: Prospekt, 2015.
2.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verxovnogo Suda RF ot 27.06.2013 № 19 (red. ot 29.11.2016) «O primenenii sudami zakonodatel`stva, reglamentiruyushhego osnovaniya i poryadok osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
3.Dubrovina E.S. Problemy` sovershenstvovaniya institutov osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti i nakazaniya v usloviyax gumanizacii ugolovnogo zakonoda-tel`stva v Rossijskoj Federacii // Molodoj ucheny`j. 2020. № 24 (314). S. 268–277.
4.https://stat.api-press.rf/stats/ug/t/11/s/1?ysclid= lw17vah5vd2623198.
5.Klyuev A.A., E`frikyan R.A. Problemy` pravovoj prirody` osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti // Pravo i praktika. 2022. № 3. S. 98–102.
6.Romanenko V.N. Osvobozhdenie ot ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti: problemny`e aspekty` // Molodoj ucheny`j. 2024. № 17 (516). S. 330–332.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Comparative Legal Analysis of the Criminal Legislation of the EAEU Member States in the Field of Protection of Personal Data
KOPENKIN Igor Olegovich
Applicant at the Russian University of Advocacy and Notariat named after. G.B. Mirzoev, Member of the Bar Association «Yukov and Partners»
105120, Moscow, Maly Poluyaroslavsky lane, 3/5, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that in the context of an increase in the amount of information, the volume of its processing and the diversification of ways to access it, the number of users of digital services increases accordingly, and at the same time, the problem of protecting personal data becomes more and more urgent. The modern world is transforming and more and more immersed in the digital space, as a result of which the issue of personal data protection concerns not only individual individuals, but also the economy as a whole. Being one of the priority areas for the national security of the Russian Federation, the Eurasian Economic Union) plays an important role in the process of regional and interregional integration. Based on this, the purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of the member states of the EAEU. The main research methods that were used during the development of the topic are the method of analysis and the comparative legal method. As a result of the scientific development of the research topic, significant differences were found in the approaches, dispositions and sanctions of the criminal legislation of all EAEU member states and the need for its harmonization for further integration. The practical significance of the results of the study of the topic lies in the fact that the results obtained can be applied in legislative activities through the improvement of the rules of law, which are devoted to establishing criminal liability for the misuse of personal information.
Keywords: personal data, private life, medical secrecy, secrecy of correspondence, secrecy of adoption, Eurasian Economic Union, EAEU, criminal law, data protection, information protection
References
1.Vozmozhnost` transgranichnoj peredachi svya-zanny`x so zdorov`em personal`ny`x danny`x v ramkax EAE`S: real`nost`, perspektivy` / I.M. Akulin, E.A. Chesnokova, N.E. Gur`yanova i dr. // Menedzher zdravooxraneniya. 2020. № 7. S. 65–73.
2.Kruchinina N.V., Pyatibratova N.D. Rassledovanie prestuplenij protiv sem`i: monografiya. M.: Prospekt, 2019.
3.Rekomendaciya Kollegii Evrazijskoj e`konomiches-koj komissii ot 21.11.2017 № 27 «Ob Obshhix podxodax k provedeniyu gosudarstvami – chlenami Evrazijskogo e`konomicheskogo soyuza soglasovannoj politiki v sfere zashhity` prav potrebitelej pri realizacii tovarov (rabot, uslug) distancionny`m sposobom». M., 2005. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».
4.Model`ny`j ugolovny`j kodeks SNG [E`lektronny`ĭ resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/2566472/.
5.Ugolovny`j kodeks Respubliki Armeniya [E`lektron-ny`ĭ resurs]. URL: http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?ID=1349&lang=rus&sel=show.
6.Ugolovny`j kodeks Respubliki Belarus` [E`lektron-ny`ĭ resurs]. URL: https://pravo.by/document/?guid=3871&p0=hk9900275.
7.Ugolovny`j kodeks Respubliki Kazaxstan [E`lektronny`ĭ resurs]. URL: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31575252&pos=2438;-53#pos=2438;-53&sdoc_params=text=%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&mode=indoc&topic_id=31575252&spos=1&tSynonym=1&tShort=1&tSuffix=1&sdoc_pos=1.
8.Ugolovny`j kodeks Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki [E`lek-tronny`j resurs]. URL: http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/112309.
9.https://www.arlis.am/documentview.aspx?docid= 114851.
10.https://md1.by/polozhenie-o-zashhite-personalnyh-dannyh/.
11.http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/202269#:~: text=Personal`ny`e danny`e predostavlyayutsya sub``ektom lichno, zakonodatel`stvom Ky`rgy`zskoj Respubliki e`lek-tronnoj podpis`yu.
12.https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61801/26edb2934b899bf9c74c3a8f7e574651c6565e6d/.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Organs Exercising State Control over the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Environmental Legislation, and their Competence
DEMINA Elizaveta Petrovna
Applicant of the Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
117198, Moscow, Miklouho-Maclay st., 6, Russian Federation
RIZAEVA Dana Eldarovna
Candidate of Law, Assistant of the Department of Economics and Management of the Institute of Economics of Management and Law of the Moscow City Pedagogical University
129226, Moscow, 2nd Agricultural Passage, 4, Russian Federation
Abstract: Basic statistics from the websites of the prosecutor's offices show that the volume of work of the Russian prosecutor's office increases every year. This is due to the experience and increased activity of employees. However, it is still too early to assess the effectiveness of this work, since now the figures have become the main indicator of professionalism in the law enforcement sphere.
Keywords: ecology, environmental legislation, control, environmental authorities, public prosecutor's supervision, the state
References
1.O federal`nom gosudarstvennom e`kologicheskom kontrole (nadzore) (vmeste s Polozheniem o federal`nom gosudarstvennom e`kologicheskom kontrole (nadzore)): postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 30 iyunya 2021 g. № 1096 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www. garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401332036/#review.
2.V otnoshenii Moskovskogo NPZ vozbuzhdeno delo o nesoblyudenii e`kologicheskix trebovanij [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.interfax.ru/business/416343.
3.Alpaczkaya E.G Sovremenny`e trebovaniya k realizacii gosudarstvennogo e`kologicheskogo kontrolya i zemel`nogo nadzora // Obshhestvo, e`konomika, upravlenie. 2022. № 4 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye-trebovaniya-k-realizatsii-gosudarstvennogo-ekologicheskogo-kontrolya-i-zemelnogo-nadzora.
4.Vinokurov A.Yu. Obyazatel`ny`e trebovaniya v e`kologicheskoj sfere i voprosy` prokurorskogo nadzora // Iskusstvo pravovedeniya. The art of law. 2022. № 3 (3) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obyazatelnye-trebovaniya-v-ekologicheskoy-sfere-i-voprosy-prokurorskogo-nadzora.
5.Korolev S.Yu. Pravovaya politika v sfere gosudarstvennogo zemel`nogo kontrolya (nadzora): nekotory`e aspekty` ponyatiya kontrol`no-nadzornoj deyatel`nosti v kontekste istoricheskogo razvitiya // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn`. 2022. № 3. S. 33–47.
6.Mladenova E.V. Ponyatie i naznachenie gosudarstvennogo e`kologicheskogo kontrolya (nadzora) // Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya. 2021. № 5. S. 78–87.
7.Mladenova E.V. Ponyatie i naznachenie gosudarstvennogo e`kologicheskogo kontrolya (nadzora) // Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya. 2021. № 5 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ponyatie-i-naznachenie-gosudarstvennogo-ekologicheskogo-kontrolya-nadzora.
8.Nazina M.A Prokurorskij nadzor za ispolneniem e`kologicheskogo zakonodatel`stva // Mezhdunarodny`j zhurnal gumanitarny`x i estestvenny`x nauk. 2023. № 11-1 (86) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prokurorskiy-nadzor-za-ispolneniem-ekologicheskogo-zakonodatelstva-2.
9.Umarova M.X., Israilova S.A., Ismailov A.A. Primenenie informacionnoj sistemy` v e`kologicheskom monitoringe okruzhayushhej sredy` // Industrial`naya e`konomika. 2023. № 4 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/primenenie-informatsionnoy-sistemy-v-ekologicheskom-monitoringe-okruzhayuschey-sredy.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Priorities of Information Support of Legal Proceedings in the Legislation of the Russian Federation
KASUMOV Nihad Firdovsiovich
Postgraduate student of Department of International and Public Law of Faculty of Law of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Pr., 49/2, Russian Federation
Abstract: In the last two decades, revolutionary and major changes have taken place in the everyday life of society and the state. The main driving force behind these transformations has been large-scale digitalization. This process covers a variety of areas, including education, services, economics and the organization of public services. Digitalization affects not only everyday life, but also the field of law, including the judicial system. In this regard, electronic justice is of particular importance, which is a set of measures and technical means that allow conducting legal proceedings using electronic technologies.
Keywords: electronic justice, technologies, digitalization, judicial proceedings, judicial system
References
1.Nevolin I.A. Problemy` vnedreniya e`lektronnogo pravosudiya v Rossii // Vestnik Nauki i Tvorchestva. 2023. № 6 (88). S. 42–45.
2.Kuzneczov A.A., Gricenko V.D. Problemy` i perspektivy` razvitiya e`lektronnogo pravosudiya // Naukosfera. 2022.  № 4-1. S. 208–212.
3.Popova E.S. Problemy` i perspektivy` razvitiya e`lektronnogo pravosudiya // Aktual`ny`e voprosy` yuridicheskix nauk: materialy` V Mezhdunarodnoj nauch. konferencii. 2019. № 2. S. 12–14.
4.Borisova L.V. Ob osnovny`x napravleniyax stanovleniya i razvitiya e`lektronnogo pravosudiya v sovremennoj Rossii // Pravo i cifrovaya e`konomika. 2020. № 2 (8). S. 32–35.
5.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 21.09.2006 № 583 (red. ot 01.11.2012) «O federal`noj celevoj programme «Razvitie sudebnoj sistemy` Rossii» na 2007–2012 gody`» // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2006. № 245.
6.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 20.09.2012 № 1735-r «Ob utverzhdenii Koncepcii federal`noj celevoj programmy` «Razvitie sudebnoj sistemy` Rossii na 2013–2020 gody`» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2012. 1 noyabrya. № 40. St. 5474.
7.Gordienko E.L. E`lektronnoe pravosudie: genezis i perspektivy` // Nauchny`e gorizonty`. 2019. № 5-1 (21). S. 129–134.
8.Savel`eva T.A. K voprosu o formirovanii e`lektron-nogo pravosudiya v Rossii // Civilistika: pravo i process. 2019. № 4 (8). S. 88–90.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Problems of Improving the Norms Governing the Appeal of Procedural Actions and Decisions (or Inaction) of Government Entities, and the Practice of Their Application at the Stage of Preliminary Investigation
VOLKOLUPOV Vladimir Georgievich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
400075, Volgograd, Historichesky str., 130, Russian Federation
VOLKOLUPOVA Valentina Alexandrovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of the Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
400066, Volgograd, Gagarin str., 8, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article deals with topical issues related to the regulation of the institution of appeal at the stage of preliminary investigation. Based on the analysis of modern law enforcement practice and theoretical provisions of the doctrine, separate problems in the legal regulation of this type of appeal have been identified. The paper also suggests possible ways to improve the relevant criminal procedural norms.
The article is published to broaden the readership in relation to previously developed proposals.
Keywords: appeal, preliminary investigation, regulation, criminal procedure legislation, complaint
References
1.Vlasova S.V. K voprosu o prisposablivanii ugolovno-pravovogo mexanizma k cifrovoj real`nosti // Biblioteka kriminalista. Nauchny`j zhurnal. 2018. № 1. S. 9–18.
2.Voskobitova L.A. Ispol`zovanie funkcional`nogo podxoda dlya cifrovizacii ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O. E. Kutafina (MGYuA). 2020. № 10 (74). S. 34–35.
3.Voskobitova L.A. Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo i cifrovy`e texnologii: problemy` sovmestimosti // LEX RUSSICA (RUSSKIJ ZAKON). 2019. №  5 (150). S. 91–104.
4.Grishin D.A. Cifrovizaciya dosudebnogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2020. № 455. S. 208–215.
5.Kury`sheva N.S. Proizvodstvo po zhalobe na dejstviya (bezdejstvie) i resheniya doznavatelya, sledovatelya i prokurora: v poryadke st. 125 UPK RF: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saransk, 2008.
6.Laliev A.I. Problemy` sudebnogo obzhalovaniya dejstvij (bezdejstviya) i reshenij organov predvaritel`nogo rassledovaniya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2011.
7.Rudakova S.V. Ugolovno-processual`noe obzhalovanie i ego sistema v otechestvennom dosudebnom proizvodstve: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2023.
8.Spesivov N.V., Titov A.A. Pandemiya COVID-19 kak faktor «vy`nuzhdennoj cifrovizacii» rossijskogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Vestnik Saratovskoj gosudarstvennoj yuridicheskoj akademii. 2020. № 3 (134). S.  193–200.
9.Svodny`e statisticheskie svedeniya o deyatel`nosti federal`ny`x sudov obshhej yurisdikcii i mirovy`x sudej za 2019–2023 gg. // Sudebny`j departament pri Verxovnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Functions of modern political system
KOLSARIEVA Nazira Sharshenbekovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Theory and History of State and Law of Law Faculty of Osh State University
723500, Osh, Lenina st., 331, Kyrgyz Republic
Abstract: This article is devoted to the functions of the modern political system. It contains materials from various sources, as well as the results of the author's research. The article gives a detailed analysis of some functions of the modern political system. The author does not limit to only the classification of functions, but used several categorizations, which provided an opportunity to compare them. Such approach to the study of the functions of the modern political system allowed to research and analyze them much more deeply.
Keywords: state, political system, functions, political norms, political leadership, politics, political stability
References
1.Ozhegov S.I. Slovar` russkogo yazy`ka. 4-e izd., ispr. i dop. M.: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel`stvo inostranny`x i nacional`ny`x slovarej. 1960. S. 544.
2.Iston D. Novaya revolyuciya v politicheskoj nauke / perev. s angl. T. Zemlyakova // Judgment Journal. 2015. Vol. I. № 1. C. 1–11.
3.https://foxford.ru/wiki/obschestvoznanie.
4.Kamenskaya G.V., Rodionov A.N. Politicheskie sistemy` sovremennosti. M., 1994. S. 132.
5.Zosimenko I.A. Funkcii politicheskoj sistemy`: sub``ektno-deyatel`nostny`j aspekt [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Act of the Executive Body as an Element of Legal Regulation and the Basis for Governance Self-Regulation of State Companies
YAKOVLEV Alexander Yurievich
Doctor of Political Sciences, Leading Researcher of Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
117218, Moscow, Nakhimovsky prospect, 32, Russian Federation
Abstract: Most areas of society are subject to legal regulation. Many of them have virtually no opportunities for self-regulation. One of the areas where there are many legal acts, but there is scope for self-regulation, is state companies governance.
Keywords: legal regulation, legal act, self-regulation, governance self-regulation, joint-stock company with state participation
References
1.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 03.12.2004 № 738 «Ob upravlenii naxodyashhimisya v federal`noj sobstvennosti akciyami akcionerny`x obshhestv i ispol`zovanii special`nogo prava na uchastie Rossijskoj Federacii v upravlenii akcionerny`mi obshhestvami («zolotoj akcii»)» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
2.Zakon Moskovskoj oblasti ot 04.03.2011 № 22/2011-OZ «Ob upravlenii naxodyashhimisya v sobstvennosti Moskovskoj oblasti akciyami i dolyami v ustavny`x kapitalax xozyajstvenny`x obshhestv» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
3.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva Moskvy` ot 03.07.2007 № 576-PP «O poryadke vzaimodejstviya organov ispolnitel`noj vlasti goroda Moskvy` pri realizacii prav akcionera…» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
4.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 21.11.2013 № 357 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po organizacii raboty` Soveta direktorov v akcionernom obshhestve» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
5.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 20.03.2014 № 86 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po organizacii raboty` Komitetov po auditu Soveta direktorov v akcionernom obshhestve s uchastiem Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
6.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 09.07.2014 № 253 «Ob utverzhdenii metodicheskix rekomendacij po formirovaniyu polozheniya o voznagrazhdeniyax i kompensaciyax chlenov revizionnoj komissii…» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
7.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 22.08.2014 № 306 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodiki samoocenki kachestva korporativnogo upravleniya v kompaniyax s gosudarstvenny`m uchastiem» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
8.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 16.09.2014 № 350 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po formirovaniyu Polozheniya o Revizionnoj komissii…» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
9.Pis`mo Banka Rossii ot 10.04.2014 № 06-52/2463 «O Kodekse korporativnogo upravleniya» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.
10.Aminov D.I., Baczanova T.A., Zajceva-Savkovich E.V., Opokin A.B. Pravovaya ocenka nerassmotreniya sudom xodatajstv storon v grazhdanskom processe // Vestnik e`konomicheskoj bezopasnosti. 2019. № 3. S. 320–322.
11.Vechernin D.S. E`volyuciya instituta ocenki reguliruyushhego vozdejstviya: problemy` i perspektivy` // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Yurisprudenciya. 2014. № 4. S. 22–28.
12.Glazunova I.V. Delegirovanie polnomochij mezhdu organami ispolnitel`noj vlasti i organami mestnogo samoupravleniya // Aktual`ny`e voprosy` sovremennoj e`konomiki. 2022. № 12. S. 291–299.
13.Glazunova I.V. Peredacha polnomochij kak instrument realizacii upravlencheskix funkcij // Aktual`ny`e problemy` nauki administrativnogo prava i administrativnogo processa. «Lazarevskie chteniya–2023»: sbornik nauchny`x trudov po materialam mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. M., 2023. S. 39–47.
14.Glazunova I.V. Problemny`e voprosy` publichno-pravovoj otvetstvennosti yuridicheskogo licza // Sibirskoe yuridicheskoe obozrenie. 2019. № 4. S. 512–517.
15.Pavlov A.Yu., Danilov I.A. O kriteriyax subsidiarnoj otvetstvennosti // Yuridicheskij mir. 2022. № 3. S. 48–49.
16.Petuxov S.V., Racheeva Yu.V. Subsidiarnaya otvetstvennost` kontroliruyushhix licz v kontekste principa pravovoj opredelennosti // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2023. № 3. S. 62–65.
17.Smotriczkaya I.I., Anchishkina O.V., Cherny`x S.I. Problemy` i strategicheskie zadachi razvitiya instituta obshhestvenny`x zakupok // Problemy` prognozirovaniya. 2017. № 5. S. 70–78.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Legal Regulation of Investments in Islamic Banking: Experience of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan
KYRLAN Marchel Georgievich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activities of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Ave., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines current aspects of investing in Islamic banking, considering the experience of two countries. Islamic banking offers investment opportunities that adhere to Shariah principles, making it attractive to those seeking to comply with religious beliefs. The article draws attention to the practice of using instruments such as sukuk, murabaha, mudaraba and others to carry out transactions in accordance with Islamic law. An experiment with partnership financing, conducted in Russia from 2023 to 2025, is aimed at determining the effectiveness of regulation of this system. The requirements for participation in the experiment for various organizations, their responsibilities and restrictions in accordance with the principles of Islamic finance are discussed. Comparing the experiences of Russia and Azerbaijan allows us to identify similarities and differences in approaches to investment in Islamic banking. The differences in the use of investment instruments, such as mortgage loans, trust management of financing, leasing, and others are discussed in detail.
Keywords: islamic banking, investment, sukuk, experiment, musharakah, murabaha
References
1.Idrisov X.V. Islamskie finansovo-dogovorny`e instrumenty` v prizme e`ksperimental`nogo regulirovaniya deyatel`nosti «partnerskogo bankinga» (na primere Chechenskoj Respubliki) // Vestnik Chechenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. A.A. Kady`rova. 2024. № 1(53). S. 111–123.
2.Mamedov Z., Valiev R., Faradzhogl A. Problemy` razvitiya islamskogo bankinga v Azerbajdzhane // Rossiya i musul`manskij mir. 2013. № 3(249). S. 58–60.
3.Opredeleny` shagi po vnedreniyu islamskogo bankinga v Azerbajdzhane [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://report.az/ru/finansy/opredeleny-shagi-po-vnedreniyu-islamskogo-bankinga-v-azerbajdzhane.
4.Red`kin O.I., Rudokvas A.D., Tenberga I. Investicionny`e texnologii islamskix bankov i perspektivy` stanovleniya besprocentnogo bankovskogo sektora v Rossii // Pravovedenie. 2018. T. 62. № 4. S. 692–713.
5.Ruchkina G.F., Shajdullina V.K. Finansovy`e texnologii v Rossii i za rubezhom: tendencii pravovogo regulirovaniya sozdaniya i ispol`zovaniya // Bankovskoe pravo. 2018. № 2. S. 7–17.
6.Sevimov C. Islamskie finansy` i ix primenenie v Azerbajdzhane // Kavkaz i globalizaciya. 2008. № 3. S. 17.
7.Xavanova I. Islamskie (partnerskie) finansy`. Budni e`ksperimenta // E`Zh-Buxgalter. 2024. № 5. S. 6.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Digital Currencies of the Central Banks of the EAEU Member States: Concepts, Financial and Legal Regulation, Development Trends
BRYKIN Konstantin Igorevich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Jurisprudence and International Law of the Russian Named by G.B. Mirzoev
105120, Moscow, Maly Poluyaroslavsky lane, 3/5, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is aimed at researching a phenomenon that is young in legal science – the digital currency of the central bank (Central Bank or Central Bank Digital Currencies, CBDC). The author analyzes the reports and concepts of digital currencies of the EAC member countries (digital ruble, digital Belarusian ruble, digital som, digital tenge, digital dram), identifies trends in the use of CBDC and the need to transform legislation. Taking into account the doctrinal approaches existing in law and economics, the advantages and risks of using CB DC are reflected. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to work out the issue of deeper economic integration of the EAEU member states, including the creation of a monetary union based on the issuance of the regional system of the EAEU.
Keywords: EAEU, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), regional currency, digital ruble, digital belarusian ruble, digital som, digital tenge, digital dram, smart contract, currency control
References
1.Mezhdunarodnoe issledovanie «3x10 trendov 2024 goda» / Press-centr FinTex [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.fintechru.org/analytics/issledovanie-3kh10-trendov-na-2024-goda/.
2.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 31.07.2020 № 259-FZ «O cifrovy`x finansovy`x aktivax, cifrovoj valyute i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel`ny`e zakonodatel`ny`e akty` Rossijskoj Federacii» // SZ RF. 2020. № 31.Ch. I. St. 5018.
3.Koncepciya cifrovogo rublya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/120075/concept_08042021.pdf.
4.Cifrovizaciya platezhej i vnedrenie innovacij na platezhnom ry`nke [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/161600/analytical_report_20240605.pdf.
5.Koncepciya cifrovogo belorusskogo rublya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.nbrb.by/payment/digital_ruble/concept.pdf.
6.Koncepciya cifrovogo soma [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.nbkr.kg/printver.jsp?item=2685&lang=RUS&material=108460.
7.Cifrovoj tenge / Nacional`ny`j Bank Kazaxstana [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.nationalbank.kz/ru/page/Digital-Tenge.
8.Kapustin N.A., Pichkov O.B. Transgranichnoe primenenie cifrovy`x valyut central`ny`x bankov: vozmozhnosti dlya Rossii // E`konomika, predprinimatel`stvo i pravo. 2024. T. 14. № 2. S. 582.
9.Vaganova O.V., Sidibe M., Pryadko E.A. Issledovanie i analiz cifrovy`x valyut central`ny`x bankov (CBDC) // E`konomika. Informatika. 2022. T. 49. № 3. S. 543.
10.Yuzefal`chik I. Cifrovy`e valyuty` central`ny`x bankov: podxody` k vnedreniyu i rol` v finansovoj sisteme // Bankovskij vestnik. 2019. № 11(676). S. 33.
11.Gabov A.V. Cifrovoj rubl` central`nogo banka kak ob``ekt grazhdanskix prav // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2021. T. 16. № 4. S. 64.
12.Shaker I.E. Analiz riskov cifrovoj valyuty` central`nogo banka v novoj finansovoj e`kosisteme // Bankovskie uslugi. 2018. № 11. S. 9–19.
13.Kroxina Yu.A. Nalogooblozhenie cifrovoj valyuty`: balans chastny`x i publichny`x interesov v usloviyax sankcionnogo rezhima // Monitoring pravoprimeneniya. 2022. № 3(44). S. 6.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
The Practice of Using «Green Camouflage» Technology in Marketing and Consumer Protection
SOLDATOVA Natalya Fedorovna
Candidate of Economical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The spread of the global trend of responsible consumption to the Russian soil has ensured an increase in business standards for some Russian companies. The growing number of consumers who consciously refuse goods (services) that have a negative impact on the environment has forced some companies to intensively use the marketing tool «greenwashing».
Keywords: responsible consumption, «green camouflage», reputational risks, consumer deception, legislative regulation
References
1.Abrosimova Yu.A., By`kova K.V., Bobreshova I.V. E`kologicheskij marketing: osushhestvlenie «zeleny`x» strategij ili grinvoshing // E`konomika ustojchivogo razvitiya. 2021. № 4. S. 240–243.
2.Voronina N.P. Grinvoshing: pravovoj mexanizm protivodejstviya // Vestnik universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina. 2023. № 3. S. 28–36.
3.Kozhevina O.V. Problemy` grinvoshinga i nedobrosovestnoj kommercheskoj praktiki sub``ektov predprinimatel`stva v usloviyax zelenoj e`konomiki // Konkurentnoe pravo. 2022. № 4. S. 12–15.
4.Krotov A.S. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost` za lozhnuyu e`ko-markirovku v Rossii i zarubezhny`x stranax // Gumanitarny`e i yuridicheskie issledovaniya. 2018. № 1. S. 159–164.
5.Ustyukova V.V. Proizvodstvo organicheskoj produkcii i produkcii s uluchshenny`mi xarakteristikami: sxodstvo i razlichiya v pravovom regulirovanii // Sel`skoe xozyajstvo. 2022. № 4. S. 17–25.
6.Finogentova A.V. K ponyatiyu grinvoshinga // Zdorovaya okruzhayushhaya sreda – osnova bezopasnosti regionov: materialy` Pervogo Mezhdunarodnogo e`kologicheskogo foruma v Ryazani. Ryazan`, 2017. S. 366.
7.Bolee 10 ty`s. iskov v zashhitu prav potrebitelej by`lo podano v sud Rospotrebnadzorom za 2023 god // Agentstvo gorodskix novostej. Moskva [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.mskagency.ru/materials/3368523?ysclid=lxxw2sh9xu636494045.
8.https://www.mskagency.ru/materials/3368523.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Peculiarities of Development of Non-Resource Exports of Russian Entrepreneurs
USTINOVA Olga Evgenievna
Candidate of Economical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Management and Innovation Department of Faculty of Higher School of Management of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
125993, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49, Russian Federation
Abstract: The development of export activity is one of the priorities of the state economic policy. At the same time, high export potential acts as a key element of sustainable long-term economic growth, one of the sources of which is non-resource non-energy exports. The article considers the peculiarities of the country's welfare growth at the expense of raw material exports and its impact on other sectors of the economy. The article analyses the state of non-resource non-energy exports under the influence of external sanctions pressure and measures aimed at supporting Russian entrepreneurs to enter foreign markets.
Keywords: non-resource non-energy exports, entrepreneurship, state support, foreign market
References
1.Nacional`ny`e proekty` [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://xn--80aapampemcchfmo7a3c9ehj.xn--p1ai/projects/eksport/podderzhka_eksporterov.
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3.Nauchno-texnologicheskoe razvitie Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://xn--m1agf.xn--p1ai/indicators-and-ratings/indicator/cube43/.
4.RBK: Oficial`ny`j sajt [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/07/06/2024/6662f90e9a79476d072ff90a.
5.Behzadan N., Chisik R., Onder H., Battaile B. Does inequality drive the Dutch disease? // Theory and evidence. Journal of International Economics. 2017. 106. R. 104–118.
6.Bjørnland H.C., Thorsrud L.A., Torvik R. Dutch disease dynamics reconsidered // European Economic Review. 2019. 119. R. 411–433.
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8.Chen K., Lee D. Commodity currency reactions and the Dutch disease: The role of capital controls. 2020, July.
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11.Mien E., Goujon M. 40 years of dutch disease literature: lessons for developing countries // Comparative Economic Studies. 2021. № 12. R. 1–33 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://ezpro.fa.ru:2117/10.1057/s41294-021-00177-w.
12.Simachev Y., Kuzyk M., Zudin N. Import Dependence and Its Substitution in the Russian Manufacturing: Business Viewpoint // Foresight and STI Governance. 2016. Vol. 10. № 4. P. 25–45.
13.Wenner M., Bollers E., Hosein R. The dutch disease phenomenon and lessons for guyana: trinidad and tobago’s experience. Technical Note IDB-TN-1470, inter-american development bank. 2018.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
Essence, Characteristics and Legal Regulation of Customer Experience Management in the Digital Environment
ROZHKOV Ilya Vyacheslavovich
Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing and Sports Business of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Member of the Non-Commercial Partnership «Guild of Marketers»
125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49/2, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines customer experience as an object of marketing management in the digital environment. A comprehensive customer experience management process is presented. Modern tools for managing customer experience in the digital environment are considered. An analysis of the regulatory framework for customer experience management was carried out. The main objects of regulation in the digital environment are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve legislation regarding the protection of personal data and regulation of interaction between companies and consumers.
Keywords: customer experience (CX), customer journey map (CJM), internet marketing, user, strategy
References
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2.Istratova O.V. Novy`e instrumenty` upravleniya klientskim opy`tom v ritejle // Sovremenny`e problemy` i perspektivy` razvitiya turizma i sfery` uslug: sbornik statej Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Vladimir, 10 noyabrya 2022 goda / pod obshh. red. I.F. Zhukovskoj. Vladimir: Izdatel`sko-poligraficheskaya kompaniya «Tranzit-IKS», 2022. S. 60–62.
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6.Rozhkov I.V. Realizaciya principov klientoorientirovannogo biznesa na osnove informacionny`x texnologij (obzor zarubezhny`x zhurnalov) // E`konomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii. 2014. № 5. S. 63–64.
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POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA
«Family Forest» Project as a Tool for the Realization of the State Policy in the Field of Public Conservation and Environmental Well – Being
EVGRAFOVA Anna Georgievna
Postgraduate Student of State University of Land Management
105064, Moscow, Kazakova St., 15, Russian Federation
Abstract: The problem of implementing public environmental initiatives related to the creation of forests, parks, alleys, and planting individual trees, in the light of state policy in the field of conservation and environmental well-being, is becoming particularly relevant as a tool for uniting countries, peoples, regions, generations, and even strengthening families. At the same time, it is important to comply with forest, environmental, land, urban planning law and other normative legal acts. The work is based on direct practical interaction between the subject and the object of research through the creation of a project implementation team by the subject of the study, the development of an action plan and its implementation.
Keywords: family forest, forest code, reforestation, landscaping, landscaping, patriotism, family values, family traditions
References
1.https://www.kp.ru/daily/27603.3/4928468/?ysclid=lykji390po976588532.
2.http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202405070015?ysclid=lykjksoqtj179886117.
3.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 09.11.2022 № 809 «Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki po soxraneniyu i ukrepleniyu tradicionny`x rossijskix duxovno-nravstvenny`x cennostej» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2022. № 46. St. 7977.
4.Reshenie Sobraniya deputatov Mariinsko-Posadskogo municipal`nogo okruga ot 29.11.2023 № 20/3 «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil blagoustrojstva territorii Mariinsko-Posadskogo municipal`nogo okruga Chuvashskoj Respubliki» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://marpos.cap.ru/doc/laws/2023/11/29/meeting_decision-20-3.
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6.Kotegova L.A., Xalil M.A. Realizaciya E`kologicheskix proektov na Principax gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva // Journal of Monetary Economics and Management. 2020. № 4 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/realizatsiya-ekologicheskih-proektov-na-printsipah-gosudarstvenno-chastnogo-partnerstva/.
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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DISCIPLINARY RESPONSIBILITY OF ADVOCATES
Risks Associated with Ethical Aspects of Professional Activities of an Advocate in Scientific Works of Foreign Researchers: Highlights and Interpretations
MARCHEVA Polina Evgenievna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of Moscow State Law University (MSAL), advocate
123242, Moscow, st. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 9/1, Russian Federation
Abstract: In the article the author analyzes scientific works of foreign researchers in the field of professional ethics of an advocate. The author identifies and considers four theses widely discussed in scientific circles: the necessity to consider issues of professional ethics «in the context», taking into account all the facts and circumstances; the existence of ethical «blind spots» at both individual and organizational levels; the identification of three factors that may cause unethical and unlawful conduct of an advocate in the provision of qualified legal assistance; the existence of three fundamental conceptual dichotomies of legal ethics that may influence the understanding and possible solutions to fundamental ethical issues of representing the interests of principals.
Keywords: advocate, ethics, standards of ethics, ethical risks of professional activities of an advocate, risk management, foreign research
References
1.Anthony E. Davis. Legal Ethics and Risk Management: Complementary Visions of Lawyer Regulation // Georgetown journal of legal ethics. 2008. Vol. 21.
2.Anthony V. Alfieri. Big Law and Risk Management: Case Studies of Litigation, Deals, and Diversity // Georgetown journal of legal ethics. 2011. Vol. 24.
3.Anthony V. Alfieri. The Fall of Legal Ethics and the Rise of Risk Management // Georgetown Law Journal. 2006. Vol. 94.
4.Bazerman Max, Tenbrunsel Ann. Blind Spots: Why We Fail to Do What’s Right and What to Do about it? Princeton University Press, 2011.
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Index

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