Main - № 4 (75) 2025 - SUMMARIES OF ARTICLE









RUS ENG

Translator

AzerbaijaniBasqueBelarusianBulgarianCatalanChinese (S)Chinese (T)CroatianCzechDanishDutchEnglishEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchGalicianGeorgianGermanGreekHaitian CreoleHebrewHindiHungarianIcelandicIndonesianIrishItalianJapaneseKoreanLatvianLithuanianMacedonianMalayMalteseNorwegianPersianPolishPortugueseRomanianRussianSerbianSlovakSlovenianSpanishSwahiliSwedishThaiTurkishUkrainianUrduVietnameseWelshYiddish

Download

Content of journals

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
How President Rogachev Relieved the «Tension» of Jurists: about the Meeting of Lawyers with Jurists in Nizhny Novgorod
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian Advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article provides a critical analysis of the actions and statements of Nikolay Rogachev, President of the Bar Association of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, during his meeting with representatives of the legal community. Although presented as an «open dialogue», the meeting was in fact a PR campaign aimed at legitimizing the controversial bill on the so-called «lawyer`s monopoly» and suppressing criticism. The author identifies key manipulative strategies, including the illusion of dialogue, minimizing financial and social costs, justifying state control over the legal profession, semantic substitutions, and discrediting dissent. Special attention is given to the risks of losing the independence of the bar and violating the rights of lawyers and citizens. Rogachev’s speech is seen as an illustration of the state’s capture of the legal profession and the disorientation of the professional community.
Keywords: advocacy monopoly, bar association, lawyer’s independence, legal profession, state control, Nizhny Novgorod region, Federal Chamber of Lawyers, legal reform
Список источников / References
1.https://fparf.ru/news/fpa/my-otkryty-dlya-dialoga-s-yuridicheskim-soobshchestvom/.
2.https://fparf.ru/polemic/interview/my-ushli-so-vstrechi-udovletvorennymi-ee-rezultatom/.
3.https://vestinn.ru/news/vesti/249903/.
 
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
Fear and Loathing in «Izmailovo»: Discussion of the «Lawyer’s Monopoly» by Dehumanizing Private Practice Lawyers
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian Advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article provides a critical analysis of a meeting organized by the Federal Chamber of Advocates (FCA) and the Moscow Region Chamber of Advocates (MRCA) on August 1, 2025, at the «Izmailovo» hotel. The event, framed as an open dialogue on the so-called «lawyer’s monopoly», is presented as a carefully staged propaganda spectacle. The main performer was Mikhail Tolcheev, the first vice-president of both the FCA and the MRCA, and the goal was not to discuss problems but to legitimize a bill that, according to the author, is detrimental to Russia’s legal system. The author argues that the FCA’s publications about the meeting, prepared by Tatiana Strelchuk, carefully filtered out facts that demonstrated Tolcheev and other speakers’ inability to answer lawyers’ questions. The article dissects Tolcheev’s statements, which the author claims contain demagogic ploys, half-truths, and outright lies. The author also analyzes the behavior of FCA representatives at the meeting, noting their aggression, rudeness, and use of political labels such as «maidan technologies». Particular attention is given to the dehumanization of private practitioners, who were compared to «killers» and «prostitutes» which the author finds unacceptable and indicative of a moral and professional crisis within the legal profession. The article concludes that the event was a propaganda effort intended to misinform the legal community and that the true goal of the contrreform is not to improve the quality of legal aid but to completely eliminate the independent legal profession.
Keywords: lawyer’s monopoly, Federal Chamber of Advocates , Moscow Region Chamber of Advocates, legal profession, legal reform, professional ethics, self-government of the bar
Список источников / References
1.https://fparf.ru/news/law-chambers/kak-sdat-ekzamen-kto-kontroliruet-raskhodovanie-vznosov-i-kakimi-preimushchestvami-obladayut-advokat/.
2.https://apmo.ru/poslednie-novosti/?CODE=1-avgusta-v-11-00-sostoitsya-soveshchanie-na-temu-professionalizatsiya-sudebnogo-predstavitelstva&ysclid=mdy21zomhi356234566.
3.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obraschenie-pravleniya-mezhregionalnoy-obschestvennoy-organizatsii-advokatov-i-yuristov-initsiativa-2018-v-organy-organizatsii.
4.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sudebnye-spory-i-sotsialnye-modeli-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvety-i-voprosy-vitse-prezidentu-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov?ysclid=mdxwm1eq66505886271; https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravilnyy-put-ili-skolzkaya-dorozhka-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvet-na-statyu-eks-prezidenta-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov-rossiyskoy.
5.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zayavlenie-ob-antiadvokatskoy-deyatelnosti-i-gedonizme-v-advokature?ysclid=mdxwfrcxh474352915.
6.https://clck.ru/3NUJcY.
7.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zayavlenie-spetsialnogo-dokladchika-oon-po-voprosu-o-polozhenii-v-oblasti-prav-cheloveka-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-spetsialnogo.
8.https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/role_lawyers.shtml.
9.https://legalpetition.org/prekrashheniya-uchastiya-advokatov-v-proczessualnyh-dejstviyah/.
10.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politicheskie-vyskazyvaniya-advokata; https://dostupkpravosudiyu.blogspot.com/2019/12/blog-post.html.
11.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/imuschestvennyy-tsenz-v-advokature-rossii-i-novye-raznonapravlennye-dvizheniya-ne-izbiraemyh-demokraticheskim-putem-upravlentsev-ot; https://pravorub.ru/articles/1497.html?.
12.https://pravo.ru/news/246159/.
13.https://legalpetition.org/obrashhenie-v-zashhitu-rossijskih-advokatov/.
14.http://www.eurasian-advocacy.ru/PDF/TRAKTAT_RAGULIN.pdf
15.https://t.me/initiative2018; https://law-unity.ru/; http://нпю26.рф/; https://vk.com/monopoly_stop; https://zakon.ru/blog/2024/05/22/notice_national_union_of_lawyers_russia_20240522.
16.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dmitriy-talantov-i-initsiativa-2018-advokaty-i-yuristy-za-demokratiyu-i-verhovenstvo-prava.
17.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sudebnye-spory-i-sotsialnye-modeli-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvety-i-voprosy-vitse-prezidentu-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov; https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/reshenie-suda-po-sekretnomu-isku-advokata-a-r-ramaldanova-k-federalnoy-palate-advokatov-rossiyskoy-federatsii-nezakonnost-i.
18.https://fparf.ru/news/fpa/pozhelaniya-mira-i-dobra/.
19.https://pravo.ru/story/206008/.
20.https://vk.com/wall-208826676_125.
21.https://fparf.ru/news/law-chambers/my-otvetim-na-vse-voprosy-drug-drugu/.
22.https://vk.com/wall20783902_1067.
23.https://fparf.ru/documents/judicial-decisions/the-acts-of-the-constitutional-court-of-the-russian-federation/15-p-ruling-of-the-constitutional-court-of-the-russian-federation-/?ysclid=mdyq3eyccn832123565.
24.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zahvat-advokatury-i-presledovanie-advokatov-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-kak-vernut-nezavisimost-advokatov-i-pravo-grazhdan-na-zaschitu.
 
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
Round Table in St. Petersburg: Cold Shower for «Witnesses of the «Lawyer Monopoly» from the Federal Chamber of Advocates Who Violate the Norms of Lawyer Ethics
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian Advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The round table in St. Petersburg on August 12, 2025, dedicated to the bill on the «lawyer`s monopoly», revealed a deep divide in the legal community. The author critically examines the arguments of reform supporters from the Federal Chamber of Advocates, highlighting their formalism, contradictions, and detachment from reality, including manipulation of the concept of «qualified legal assistance» and unethical personal attacks (notably by Mikhail Tolcheev). Supporting opponents, the author presents evidence of socio-economic risks, such as infringement on women lawyers’ rights, disruption of models in bankruptcy and consulting, and inefficiency of disciplinary control in the advocacy. Conclusions emphasize the need for modernizing the advocacy instead of enforced monopoly to ensure independence and accessibility of justice.
Keywords: lawyer`s monopoly, legal services reform, lawyer ethics, Federal Chamber of Advocates, qualified legal assistance, advocacy independence, socio-economic risks, disciplinary practice, access to justice, round table in St. Petersburg
Список источников / References
1.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD3ZmqIQX10.
2.https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/08/05/strah_i_nenavist_v_izmajlovo_obsuzhdenie_advokatskoj_monopolii_putem_degumanizacii_chastnopraktikuyu#_edn4; https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sudebnye-spory-i-sotsialnye-modeli-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvety-i-voprosy-vitse-prezidentu-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov?ysclid=mdxwm1eq66505886271; https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravilnyy-put-ili-skolzkaya-dorozhka-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvet-na-statyu-eks-prezidenta-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov-rossiyskoy.
3.https://www.avocatrus.org/post/международная-ассоциация-российских-адвокатов-представила-критический-доклад-о-законопроекте-предла; https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/07/18/mezhdunarodnaya_associaciya_rossijskih_advokatov_predstavila_kriticheskij_doklad_o_zakonoproekte_pre.
4.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sudebnye-spory-i-sotsialnye-modeli-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-advokatury-otvety-i-voprosy-vitse-prezidentu-federalnoy-palaty-advokatov?ysclid=mef0qi82ou243877454.
 
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
24 Hours of Legal Resistance: Results of the First «Antimonopoly Marathon» of the National Trade Union of Lawyers
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian Advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article provides a review of the results of the first 24-hour «antimonopoly marathon», held by the National Union of Lawyers from August 12 to 13, 2025. The marathon was dedicated to the public discussion of a draft law proposed by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, widely known as the «bill on the introduction of «lawyer`s monopoly». The paper presents a detailed analysis of the speeches by key participants, including prominent lawyers, advocates, and public figures. It highlights the main points of criticism against the draft law: its contradiction with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the inconsistency of the official arguments, the establishment of total state control over the legal profession, and the deep systemic crisis within the advocacy itself. The review outlines the consolidated conclusions of the marathon participants, primarily the unanimous demand to completely reject the bill, and also presents proposals for a deep reform of the advocacy based on the principles of independence and self-governance, and for the consolidation of the entire legal community to protect professional rights.
Keywords: advocate monopoly, draft law, public discussion, online marathon, National Union of Lawyers, legal community, independence of the advocacy, citizens’ rights, reform of the advocacy, Federal chamber of advocates
Список источников / References
1.https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-vLBm4DBYpBvrNGq2tHFQ_2QS79gpk1t.
2.https://www.avocatrus.org/en/post/the-international-association-of-russian-advocates-has-presented-a-critical-report-on-the-bill-propo.
3.https://www.avocatrus.org/en/post/the-international-association-of-russian-advocates-presented-the-manual-200-questions-and-one-answe.
 
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING
24 Hours of Legal Resistance: Continuation of the Antimonopoly Marathon of the National Trade Union of Jurists
RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich
Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian Advocacy» Journal
450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article provides an overview of the results of the continuation of the 24-hour «antimonopoly marathon» held by the National Union of Lawyers on August 23-24, 2025. The marathon was dedicated to the public discussion of the draft law of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, known as the «project on the introduction of a lawyer’s monopoly».The review provides a detailed analysis of the speeches of key speakers – well-known lawyers, lawyers and public figures. The main areas of criticism of the draft law are highlighted: its contradiction to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the inconsistency of official argumentation, the establishment of total state control over the legal profession and a deep systemic crisis within the legal profession itself. The conclusion contains consolidated conclusions and suggestions of the participants.
Keywords: advocate monopoly, draft law, public discussion, online marathon, National Union of Lawyers, legal community, independence of the advocacy, citizens’ rights, reform of the advocacy, Federal chamber of advocates
Список источников
1.Рагулин А.В. 24 часа юридического сопротивления: итоги первого «антимонопольного марафона Национального профсоюза юристов [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/8/19/24_chasa_yuridicheskogo_soprotivleniya_itogi_pervogo_antimonopolnogo_marafona_nacionalnogo_profsoyuz.
2.Рагулин А.В. «Захват» адвокатуры и преследование адвокатов в Российской Федерации: как вернуть независимость адвокатов и право граждан на защиту: научно-практический доклад // Евразийская адвокатура. 2025. №3 (74) [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zahvat-advokatury-i-presledovanie-advokatov-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-kak-vernut-nezavisimost-advokatov-i-pravo-grazhdan-na-zaschitu.
3.https://www.youtube.com/@ПрофсоюзЮристов.
4.https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/8/28/24_chasa_yuridicheskogo_soprotivleniya_prodolzhenie_antimonopolnogo_marafona_nacionalnogo_profsoyuza.
References
1.Ragulin A.V. 24 chasa yuridicheskogo soprotivleniya: itogi pervogo «antimonopol’nogo marafona Nacional’nogo profsoyuza yuristov [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/8/19/24_chasa_yuridicheskogo_soprotivleniya_itogi_pervogo_antimonopolnogo_marafona_nacionalnogo_profsoyuz.
2.Ragulin A.V. «Zahvat» advokatury i presledovanie advokatov v Rossijskoj Federacii: kak vernut’ nezavisimost’ advokatov i pravo grazhdan na zashchitu: nauchno-prakticheskij doklad // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2025. № 3 (74) [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zahvat-advokatury-i-presledovanie-advokatov-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii-kak-vernut-nezavisimost-advokatov-i-pravo-grazhdan-na-zaschitu.
3.https://www.youtube.com/@ПрофсоюзЮристов.
4.https://zakon.ru/blog/2025/8/28/24_chasa_yuridicheskogo_soprotivleniya_prodolzhenie_antimonopolnogo_marafona_nacionalnogo_profsoyuza.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
The Erosion of Jurisdiction or where are the Boundaries of the Jurisdiction of the Courts?
SULTANOV Aydar Rustemovich
Candidate of Law, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head of Representative Office of «Руреliaev group» in Tatarstan
125047, Moscow, 3rd street Tverskaya-Yamskaya, 39, bld 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: This article examines the problem of erosion of jurisdiction, due to the blurring of criteria for distinguishing competence between arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction. The problem is considered using the example of the consideration of «cartel claims» by prosecutors, which are sometimes considered by both arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction on similar factual grounds. The article considers the mechanism of artificially changing jurisdiction by filing a claim as containing joint claims, including against individuals who are not parties to a disputed substantive legal relationship. The article also touches upon the question of the possibility of applying procedural estoppel in resolving the issue of jurisdiction.
Keywords: jurisdiction, subordination, manipulation of jurisdiction, solidarity requirements, procedural estoppel
References
1.Allahverdiev I.G. O tolkovanii contra legem i sudejskom proizvole // Vestnik ekonomicheskogo pravosudiya Rossijskoj Federacii. 2025. № 4. S. 108–126.
2.Sudebnaya praktika v mekhanizme opredeleniya podsudnosti // Rossijskie processualisty o prave, zakone i sudebnoj praktike: k 20-letiyu Grazhdanskogo processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii: monografiya / D.B. Abushenko, M.A. Alieskerov, T.K. Andreeva i dr.; otv. red. V.V. Molchanov. M.: Statut, 2023.
3.Bernam U. Pravovaya sistema SShA. M., 2006. S. 330–331, 436.
4.Voronov A.F. Est’ li podvedomstvennost’? (Prepodavanie, nauka, praktika) // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2020. № 5. S. 13–46.
5.Gurvich M.A. Pravo na isk, M., 1949. S. 29.
6.Zhujkov V.M. Sudebnaya zashchita prav grazhdan i yuridicheskih lic. M., 1997. S. 193.
7.Malinin M.I. Ubezhdenie sud’i v grazhdanskom processe. Odessa, 1873. S. 51.
8.Nenashev M.M. Promezhutochnoe reshenie kak sredstvo bor’by s manipulyaciyami podsudnost’yu // Arbitrazhnyj i grazhdanskij process. 2008. № 11.
9.Nefed’ev E.A. Uchenie ob iske. Kazan’, 1895. S. 8–9.
10.Neshataeva T.N. Mezhdunarodnoe chastnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnyj grazhdanskij process. M., 2004. S. 468.
11.Osipov Yu.K. Podvedomstvennost’ yuridicheskih del // Rossijskij ezhegodnik grazhdanskogo i arbitrazhnogo processa. 2004. № 3. S. 721–829.
12.Polonskij B.Ya. Zakonodatel’noe reshenie problemy podvedomstvennosti. Dostup iz SPS «Garant».
13.Sultanov A.R. Zhazhda spravedlivosti: bor’ba za sud. M.: STATUT, 2014.
14.Sultanov A.R. V poiskah effektivnyh sredstv zashchity, ili Bor’ba za dolzhnuyu pravovuyu proceduru. M.: STATUT, 2025.
15.Sultanov A.R. Prokurorskie iski po kartelyam. Vozmozhna li solidarnaya otvetstvennost’? // Konkurenciya i pravo. 2005. № 1. S. 49–55.
16.Sultanov A.R. Prokurorskie iski po kartelyam i voprosy podsudnosti // Konkurenciya i pravo. 2005. № 2. S. 15–23.
17.Sultanov A.R. Problema protivostoyaniya processual’-nym zloupotrebleniyam v voprosah podsudnosti // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2014. № 6. S. 29–55.
18.Sultanov A.R. Vliyanie reshenij Evropejskogo suda po pravam cheloveka na otpravlenie pravosudiya v Rossii cherez prizmu dela «Sutyazhnik protiv Rossii» // Zakon. 2009. № 11. S. 90–101.
19.Sultanov A.R. Manipulyacii s podsudnost’yu // Zakon. 2008. № 9. S. 103–119.
20.Sultanov A.R. Problema sudebnyh aktov, vynesennyh s narusheniem podsudnosti i podvedomstvennosti // Vestnik Federal’nogo arbitrazhnogo suda Severo-Kavkazskogo okruga. 2010. № 1. S. 140–153.
21.Sultanov A.R. Zhazhda spravedlivosti: bor’ba za sud. M.: STATUT, 2014. (Zapiski sudebnogo yurista).
22.Sultanov A.R. Spory o nepodvedomstvennosti // Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo v izmenyayushchejsya Rossii: mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferenciya (14–15 sentyabrya 2007 g.) / pod red. d-ra yurid. nauk, prof. O.V. Isaenkovoj. Saratov: Nauchnaya kniga, 2007.
23.Sultanov A.R. O problemah podvedomstvennosti i o konfliktah otricatel’noj kompetencii // Zakon. 2008. № 7. S. 164–174.
24.Sultanov A.R. Shag vpered i dva shaga nazad, ili proshchaj pravosudie… // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2018. № 1. S. 315–327.
25.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 3 oktyabrya 2017 goda № 30 «O vnesenii v Gosudarstvennuyu Dumu Federal’nogo Sobraniya Rossijskoj Federacii proekta federal’nogo zakona «O vnesenii izmenenij v Grazhdanskij processual’nyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii, Arbitrazhnyj processual’nyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii, Kodeks administrativnogo sudoproizvodstva Rossijskoj Federacii i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://vsrf.ru/Show_pdf.php?Id=11612.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Current Issues of Ensuring the Rights of Juvenile Suspects and Defendants in Pre-Trial Procedure in Russia
GARIFULLIN Ruslan Rovshanbekovich
Master’s Degree Student of the Department of Criminal Process and Criminalistics of Faculty of Law of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
420008, Kazan, 18, Kremlyovskaya Str., Russian Federation
Abstract: The article focuses on procedural features of a juvenile suspect’s, defendant’s involvement in criminal procedure in Russia. Moreover, the research highlights current issues of protecting the rights and legal interests of a juvenile.
Keywords: a juvenile suspect, defendant, rights and legal interests of a juvenile suspect, defendant, preliminary investigation
References
1.Klyukova M.E., Verin A.Yu. O ponyatii nesovershennoletnego podozrevaemogo i obvinyaemogo po UPK RF // Materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Tatishchevskie chteniya: aktual’nye problemy nauki i praktiki» // Aktual’nye problemy yuridicheskoj nauki: v 5 tt. T. 3. Tol’yatti: Volzhskij universitet imeni V.N. Tatishcheva, 2016. S. 227–235.
2.SKR soobshchil o roste prestupnosti sredi podrostkov // Setevoe izdanie «Kommersant»» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/7231980.
3.Karaeva A.A. Osobennosti izbraniya i primeneniya v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnih mer presechenij v rossijskom ugolovnom processe // Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika. 2024. № 12 (240). S. 658–661.
4.Mezhdunarodnaya i vnutrigosudarstvennaya zashchita prav cheloveka: uchebnik / pod red. L.H. Mingazova. M.: Prospekt, 2023.
5.Antonov I.O., Verin A.Yu., Klyukova M.E. K voprosu o proizvodstve po ugolovnym delam v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnih // Social’no-pravovaya zashchita detstva kak prioritetnoe napravlenie sovremennoj gosudarstvennoj politiki: sb. materialov Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Cheboksary, 13–14 aprelya 2018 g.). Cheboksary: Izd-vo Chuvash. un-ta, 2018. S. 58–68.
6.Minimal’nye standartnye pravila Organizacii Ob»edinennyh Nacij, kasayushchiesya otpravleniya pravosudiya v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnih (Pekinskie pravila). Prinyaty rezolyuciej 40/33 General’noj Assamblei ot 29 noyabrya 1985 goda [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/beijing_rules.shtml.
7.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 20.05.2014 № 16-P «Po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti punkta 1 chasti tret’ej stat’i 31 Ugolovno-processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii v svyazi s zhaloboj grazhdanina V.A. Filimonova» // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2014. № 22. St. 2920.
8.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 22.05.2019 № 20-P «Po delu o proverke konstitucionnosti punkta 2.1 chasti vtoroj stat’i 30 Ugolovno-processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii v svyazi s zaprosom Leningradskogo oblastnogo suda» // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2019. № 21. St. 2657.
9.Nikolyuk V.V., Markovicheva E.V. Transformaciya proizvodstva po ugolovnym delam v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnih v sovremennom rossijskom ugolovnom processe: k dvadcatiletiyu prinyatiya UPK RF // Pravosudie. 2021. T. 3. № 3. S. 151–166.
10.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 22.11.2005 № 23 (red. ot 28.06.2022) «O primenenii sudami norm Ugolovno-processual’nogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii, reguliruyushchih sudoproizvodstvo s uchastiem prisyazhnyh zasedatelej» // Byulleten’ Verhovnogo Suda RF. 2006. № 1.
11.Markovicheva E.V. Pravo nesovershennoletnih na sud prisyazhnyh v rossijskom i zarubezhnom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve // Mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnaya yusticiya. 2019. № 6. S. 19–22.
12.Oficial’nyj sajt Sudebnogo departamenta pri Verhovnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=8942.
13.Popova E.I. O nedopustimosti primeneniya v otnoshenii nesovershennoletnih norm ob osobom poryadke prinyatiya sudebnogo resheniya (gl. 40 i 40.1 UPK RF) // Sud’ya. 2015. № 7 (55). S. 32–36.
14.Verin A.Yu. Realizaciya nesovershennoletnim zakonnyh interesov // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2016. № 3 (22). S. 121–124.
15.Tolkachenko A.A. Primenenie ugolovno-pravovyh norm pri rassmotrenii ugolovnyh del v osobom poryadke: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2009.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
The Problem of Establishing the Elements of the Objective Side of Genocide
SALIMOVA Leyla Kamil gizi
Doctor of Philosophy in Law, Lecturer at the Department of International Public Law of Baku State University
AZ 1148, Baku, st. Academician Zahid Khalilova, 23, Republic of Azerbaijan
Abstract: The article emphasizes the importance of a precise definition of the crime of genocide in the criminal law of individual states, ensuring its compliance with the provisions of the 1948 Convention. It notes the need to suppress cases of using a vague definition of genocide in international documents and in the criminal legislation of states, an unclear list of the criminal acts covered by it and the groups protected from encroachment. In the article, the author defines genocide as the deliberate physical or biological destruction through prohibited behavior of all or a significant part of a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such.
Keywords: genocide, court, justice, crime, prosecution, punishment
References
1.Moshenskaya N.V. Genocid – istoricheskaya i pravovaya harakteristika ponyatiya // Advokatskaya praktika. 2005. № 3. S. 30–35.
2.Giginejshvili M.T. Podstrekatel’stvo k genocidu v praktike mezhdunarodnyh tribunalov // Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. 2015. № 24. S. 212–214.
3.The Prosecutor v Akayesu, Judgment (ICTR-96-4-T), 2 September 1998.
4.Ragimov I.M., Golik Yu.V., Korobeev A.I., Lobach D.V. Terrorizm v Rossii i mire na sovremennom etape: obshchaya kriminologicheskaya harakteristika i sostoyanie politiko-pravovogo protivodejstviya: analiticheskij doklad. SPb.: Yuridicheskij centr, 2018.
5.Buryachkova E.G. Pravovaya model’ preduprezhdeniya genocida v rossijskom i mezhdunarodnom zakonodatel’stve // Voprosy rossijskogo i mezhdunarodnogo prava. 2016. T. 6. № 11A. S. 108–116.
6.Malyarova E.A. Kontekstual’nye obstoyatel’stva kak element sostava prestupleniya po mezhdunarodnomu ugolovnomu pravu: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2017.
7.Malyarova E.A. Obshchaya harakteristika kontek-stual’nyh obstoyatel’stv kak elementa mezhdunarodnyh prestuplenij // Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve. 2016. Vyp. 8. S. 400–405.
8.Mettraux G. Jurisdiction to Investigate and Prosecute Acts of Genocide in International Crimes: Law and Practice. Vol. 1: Genocide. Oxford Academic, 2019. P. 56–65.
9.Arhiv Bakinskogo Gorodskogo Suda. Delo № 05D/45039, 2023 g.
10.Pankratova E.D. Ugolovno-pravovaya harakteristika genocida: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2010.
11.The situation in Darfur, Sudan, Public Redacted Statement of the Prosecutor under Article 58 (ICC-02/05), 14 July 2008, para 209.
12.Reshnyak M.G. Genocid: o nekotoryh nedostatkah v reglamentacii ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti // Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya. 2024. № 4. S. 179–184.
13.Moskalev G.L. Genocid (st. 357 UK RF): problemy ugolovno-pravovoj reglamentacii i kvalifikacii: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. SPb., 2015.
14.Agayan V.A. Problema genocida v sovremennom obshchestve // Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal social’nyh i gumanitarnyh nauk. 2016. T. 6. № 1. S. 110–113.
15.Moskalev G.L. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost’ za genocid (stat’ya 357 UK RF). Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskij federal’nyj un-t, 2017.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE
Minor Act: Conflict of Theory and Practice
RUFULLAYEV Rafail Aligulu ogly
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
103274, Moscow, Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, 2, Russian Federation
Abstract: The text discusses the problem of applying the institute of insignificance in legal practice. The author points out the contradictions and difficulties associated with recognizing acts as insignificant, especially in the context of justice and rehabilitation of individuals. The text discusses the problem of applying the institute of insignificance in legal practice. The author notes the contradictions and difficulties associated with recognizing acts as insignificant, and suggests eliminating the institution of insignificance as a basis for rehabilitation. The main problem is that government agencies are often unable or unwilling to recognize acts as insignificant. This may be due to a desire to increase the disclosure rating or to show protection of citizens’ rights. The author also points to the problem of the unlawful conviction of persons whose actions subsequently do not contain elements of a crime. It is proposed to exclude the institution of insignificance as a basis for rehabilitation, so that law enforcement officers can more fairly approach the issue of applying insignificance.
Keywords: institute of insignificance, rehabilitation for an insignificant act, conflict of theory and practice of applying insignificance, fair assessment of the public danger of the act
References
1.Kassacionnoe opredelenie sudebnoj kollegii po ugolovnym delam Vtorogo kassacionnogo suda obshchej yurisdikcii ot 20.05.2025 № 77-1147/2025.
 
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Features of the Regulation of Criminal Liability for the Use of Torture: a Comparative Analysis
NAMNYASEVA Victoriya Vyacheslavovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Criminal Law Department of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, 130, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines individual issues of the experience of constructing criminal law norms providing for liability for acts of torture in foreign countries, primarily in the Commonwealth of Independent States. The provisions of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment are analyzed. It is noted that both objective difficulties and subjective problems can be identified during implementation. In particular, it is noted that the shortcomings of legislative regulation related to the definition of the concept of «torture» give rise to distortion of terminology, violation of consistency, conflicts in law and other negative consequences. The ways of solving this problem are proposed. The measures of criminal law influence used by various states are highlighted as positive experience, contributing to the prevention of torture and the imposition of fair criminal punishment on persons who violated the relevant prohibition.
Keywords: torture, international and foreign experience, implementation, legislative construction, criminal law norm, prevention
References
1.Kulapova T.Yu. Vnutrigosudarstvennyj i mezhdunarodnyj pravovoj opyt: problemy integracii i adaptacii: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov: Sarat. gos. yurid. akad., 2014.
2.Bezverhov A.G. O principah vzaimodejstviya mezhdunarodnogo i nacional’nogo ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva // Mezhdunarodnoe i nacional’noe ugolovnoe zakonodatel’stvo: problemy yuridicheskoj tekhniki: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 29–30 maya 2003 g. M., 2004. S. 322–325.
3.Status of Ratification – Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, New York, 10 December 1984 // United Nations Treaty Collection (sbornik dogovorov Organizacii Ob»edinennyh Nacij): oficial’nyj sajt [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http:// treaties.un.org.
4.Bekkariya Ch. Rassuzhdeniya o prestuplenii i nakazanii. SPb.: Tipografiya Gubernskogo pravleniya, 1803.
5.Gorshkov M. M. Metodika rassledovaniya istyazanij: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Omsk: Omskaya akademiya MVD Rossii, 2005.
6.Prigovor Tosnenskogo gorodskogo suda Leningradskoj oblasti ot 11 noyabrya 2011 g. Baza dannyh sudebnyh reshenij «Rospravosudie» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://rospravosudie.com/court-tosnenskij-gorodskoj-sud-leningradskaya-oblast-s/act-100436451.
7.Prigovor Pervomajskogo rajonnogo suda g. Omska ot 22 noyabrya 2011 g. po delu № 1-373/2011. Baza dannyh sudebnyh reshenij «Rospravosudie» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://rospravosudie.com/court-pervomajskij-rajonnyj-sud-g-omska-omskaya-oblast-s/act-100471236.
8.Bardeev K.A. Pytka kak ugolovno-pravovoj fenomen: komparativistskoe issledovanie: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar: Kuban. gos. un-t, 2023.
9.Apellyacionnoe opredelenie Krasnoyarskogo kraevogo suda ot 18 iyunya 2012 g. po delu № 33-5204/2012. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tantPlyus».
 
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
On Improving the Legal Regulation of the Activities of the Commissioners for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation
SAMUSIK Aleksandr Mikhaylovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Сonstitutional and International Law of All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
117638, Moscow, Azovskaya St. 2, bldg. 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to issues of improving the legal regulation of the activities of the human rights institution of the Commissioners for the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation, taking into account the legal regulation of the activities and relations between the federal commissioner and commissioners in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: commissioner for the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs, business ombudsman, legal regulation of activities, legal status
References
1.Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 22.06.2012 № 879 «Ob Upolnomochennom pri Prezidente Rossijskoj Federacii po zashchite prav predprinimatelej» // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2012. 25 iyunya. № 26. St. 3509.
2.Federal’nyj zakon ot 07.05.2013 № 78-FZ (red. ot 14.10.2024) «Ob upolnomochennyh po zashchite prav predprinimatelej v Rossijskoj Federacii» // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2013. 13 maya. № 19. St. 2305.
3.Abakumova E.B. Nezavisimost’ upolnomochennyh po zashchite prav predprinimatelej v sub»ektah Rossijskoj Federacii kak uslovie razvitiya predprinimatel’stva // Aktual’nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2018. T. 12. № 2. S. 428–442.
4.Zakonoproekt № 12144-7 «O vnesenii izmenenij v stat’i 2 i 6 Federal’nogo zakona «Ob upolnomochennyh po zashchite prav predprinimatelej v Rossijskoj Federacii» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/12144-7.
5.Kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ob administrativnyh pravonarusheniyah ot 30.12.2001 № 195-FZ (red. ot 23.05.2025) // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2002. 7 yanvarya. № 1. Ch. 1. St. 1.
6.Arbitrazhnyj processual’nyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 24.07.2002 № 95-FZ (red. ot 01.04.2025) // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2002. 29 iyulya. № 30. St. 3012.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The Shaky Immutability of Principles
KOSTANOV Yuri Artemjevich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of the Moscow Bar Association «Bar Partnership»
105005, Moscow, per. Pleteshkovsky, 3A, corp. 1-31, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the processes of erosion of the principles of criminal justice in modern Russia. The author argues that the provisions enshrined in the Constitution and criminal procedure legislation as the foundations of justice – respect for human dignity, presumption of innocence, competitiveness, transparency, independence of the court – are increasingly ignored or transformed contrary to their original meaning. The reasons for the changes are considered: from objective changes in the nature of criminal cases to arbitrary initiatives of the legislator and law enforcement officer. Particular attention is paid to the danger of replacing the judicial form of dispute resolution with non-judicial mechanisms. The author concludes that it is necessary to return to the true meaning of the principles as a condition for effective, fair and legal legal proceedings.
Keywords: criminal procedure; justice; constitutional rights; adversarial principle; presumption of innocence; human dignity; rehabilitation; judicial reform; legislation; abuse of power.
References
1.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 08.07.2004 № 237-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_49738/.
2.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.01.2005 № 42-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_53023/.
3.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 28.01.2025 № 39-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/sud/opredelenie-konstitutsionnogo-suda-rf-ot-28012025-n-39-o/?ysclid=mg9g1gr2ow495315188.
4.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25 iyunya 2019 goda № 1800-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/sud/opredelenie-konstitutsionnogo-suda-rf-ot-25062019-n-1800-o/?ysclid=mg9g29yv4k306106463.
5.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 26 marta 2020 goda № 774-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/sud/opredelenie-konstitutsionnogo-suda-rf-ot-26032020-n-774-o/?ysclid=mg9g2suy40650179603.
6.Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 27 iyunya 2023 goda № 1723-O [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/sud/opredelenie-konstitutsionnogo-suda-rf-ot-27062023-n-1723-o/?ysclid=mg9g3f4dm7529503611.
7.Opredelenie sudebnoj kollegii po grazhdanskim delam Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 09.12.2024 № 45-GK24-33-K7 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://legalacts.ru/sud/opredelenie-sudebnoi-kollegii-po-grazhdanskim-delam-verkhovnogo-suda-rossiiskoi-federatsii-ot-09122024-n-45-kg24-33-k7-uid-66rs0004-01-2023-004512-42/?ysclid=mg9g3qx6fs623716991.
8.Postanovlenie Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 29 iyunya 2004 g. № 13-P [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_48286/.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The Problem of Qualifying Remote the as a Separate Crime
KHALIKOV Aslam Nailevich
Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Criminology at the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation named after A.Ya. Sukharev
125080, Moscow, Vrubel St., 12, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the qualification of remote fraud by the preliminary investigation authorities and the courts. Basically, the qualification is conducted according to the composition of theft and fraud. Additionally, the qualification may be based on the elements of crimes in the field of computer information. It is proposed to introduce a new crime as remote theft, since there are many features of theft in this area that differ from traditional crimes.
Keywords: banking operations, remote theft, qualification of a crime, theft, computer information, fraud, digital world
References
1.Damaskin O.V. Aktual’nye kriminologicheskie aspekty protivodejstviya prestupnosti v sovremennom cifrovom obshchestve: problemy i perspektivy // Trudy Instituta gosudarstva i prava RAN. 2021. T. 16. № 1.
2.Vihareva E. Moshenniki sovershenstvuyut skhemy i gotovyatsya razvodit’ dazhe samyh prodvinutyh pol’zovatelej [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: www.kommersant.ru.
3.Sostoyanie prestupnosti v Rossii za yanvar’–dekabr’ 2024 g. / FKU «Glavnyj informacionno-analiticheskij centr» MVD RF. M., 2024.
4.Borovichok A. Desyat’ udarov po moshennikam // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2025. 26 iyunya. № 138 (9677).
5.Bykova E.G. Slozhnosti kvalifikacii hishcheniya s bankovskogo scheta pri distancionnom oformlenii kredita ot imeni vladel’ca // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2022. № 7.
6.Arhipov A.V. Kvalifikaciya hishcheniya putem distancionnogo oformleniya kredita ot chuzhogo imeni // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2023. № 3.
7.Tret’yak M.I. Hishchenie denezhnyh sredstv v sfere informacii: odna ili raznye formy // Ugolovnoe pravo. 2023. № 1. S. 52–64.
8.Tarakanov I.A., Pichugin S.A., Lizogub D.D. Osobennosti kvalifikacii moshennichestva s ispol’zovaniem sredstv mobil’noj svyazi // Vestnik Vladimirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta. 2022. № 4 (65).
9.Beshukova Z.M. Moshennichestvo s ispol’zovaniem metodov social’noj inzhenerii: mekhanizm soversheniya i osnovnye sposoby zashchity // Cifrovye tekhnologii i pravo: sbornik nauchnyh trudov II Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii: v 6 t. Kazan’, 2023. T. 1.
10.Gracheva Yu.V., Malikov S.V., Chuchaev A.I. Preduprezhdenie deviacij v cifrovom mire ugolovno-pravovymi sredstvami // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshej shkoly ekonomiki. 2020. № 1.
11.Prigovor po ugolovnomu delu № 1-451/19 Temryukskogo rajonnogo suda Krasnodarskogo kraya ot 15.10.2019 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/3vgpVrPNlMLO/?ysclid=m7aswl98wf493451597.
12.Prigovor po ugolovnomu delu № 1-451/19 (11801330015000334) Oktyabr’skogo rajonnogo suda g. Kirova ot 17.12.2019. Dostup iz spravochno-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tantPlyus».
13.O nekotoryh voprosah sudebnoj praktiki po ugolovnym delam o prestupleniyah v sfere komp’yuternoj informacii, a takzhe inyh prestupleniyah, sovershennyh s ispol’zovaniem elektronnyh ili informacionno-telekommunikacionnyh setej, vklyuchaya set’ «Internet»: Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF ot 15.12.2022 № 37 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.vsrf.ru/?ysclid=m7aqxa51gi927130549.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
On Some Ideological Problems of Russian Criminal Proceedings
CHELOKHSAYEV Oleg Zaurovich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law Disciplines of the North Ossetian State University named after Kosta Levanovich Khetagurov, Advocate of the Law Office «Trust» of the Chamber of Advocates of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
362025, Vladikavkaz, Vatutina str., 46, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the criminal procedure ideology of the Russian Federation as an integral part of the criminal procedure policy of the Russian state. Here, the state-legal ideology is viewed through the principles of criminal proceedings and the practice of their application as a motivational basis for the criminal procedure activities of judicial and investigative bodies.
Keywords: criminal proceedings, principles of criminal proceedings, criminal procedural ideology, criminal policy, and criminal procedural policy
References
1.Azarov V.A. Sovremennye problemy ugolovno-processual’noj ideologii Rossii // Nauchnyj zhurnal Legalitas. 2024. T. 1. № 1 (1). S. 6–18.
2.Aleksandrov A.I. Ugolovnaya politika i ugolovnyj process v rossijskoj gosudarstvennosti: istoriya, sovremennost’, perspektivy, problemy / pod red. V.Z. Lukashevicha. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. gos. un-ta, 2003.
3.Pikalov I.A. Sostyazatel’nost’ v sisteme principov ugolovnogo processa i ee realizaciya storonoj zashchity na sudebnyh stadiyah: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2006.
4.Chelohsaev O.Z. O nekotoryh problemnyh aspektah processual’nogo polozheniya poterpevshego v svete naznacheniya ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Obrazovanie i pravo. 2020. № 4. S. 349–351.
5.Chelohsaev O.Z. O ponyatii ugolovno-processual’noj politiki // Rossijskij sledovatel’. 2006. № 10. S. 16–18.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Compromise as a Tool for the Implementation of Domestic Criminal Procedure Policy
MASHINNIKOVA Natalya Olegovna
Advocate, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of Izhevsk branch of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
426000, Izhevsk, st. Zarechnoye shosse, 23, Russian Federation
Abstract: Purpose of article is to study the nature of compromise in criminal proceedings. The article provides a meaningful assessment of compromise as a social phenomenon in criminal proceedings. It is concluded that the criminal procedure policy of compromise is a necessary condition for overcoming intra-systemic contradictions between participants in criminal proceedings in constructive processes aimed at achieving the common goal of criminal proceedings – the resolution of criminal conflict.
The article has a high scientific value, as it is one of the first attempts to consider compromise as a complex social phenomenon due to the mutual interest of its participants and its role in criminal proceedings.
Keywords: compromise, criminal proceedings, alternative method of resolution, social interaction, resolution of criminal law conflict
References
1.Zarochenceva N.V. Principy postroeniya soglasi-tel’nyh procedur v sovremennom ugolovnom processe Rossii // Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya. 2015. № 6(51). S. 112–117.
2.Sarkisyan T.B. Soglasitel’nye procedury v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve i ih primenenie v stadii predvaritel’nogo rassledovaniya: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2012. S. 12.
3.Makoveev N.I. Kompromiss kak politiko-kul’turnyj fenomen: avtoref. dis. … kand. polit. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2000. S. 6.
4.Efremova M.A., Abshilava G.V., Pastuhov P.S. Kompromiss v sisteme pravovogo regulirovaniya pri razreshenii ugolovno-pravovyh konfliktov // Vestnik ekonomiki, prava i sociologii. 2024. № 3 S. 111–119.
5.Popova E.I. O neobhodimosti sozdaniya kriminalisticheskih metodik na osnove principa kompromissa // LEX RUSSICA. 2017. № 9 (130). Sentyabr’. S. 107–115.
6.Markelov A.G. Princip processual’nogo kompromissa v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve // Vestnik Nizhego-rodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. 2017. № 6. S. 114–118.
7.Markelov A.G. Ideya kompromissa v rossijskom ugolovnom processe kak mera protivodejstviya prestup-nosti // Vestnik TGU. Pravo. 2021. № 39. S. 48–59.
8.Popova I.A. Taktiko-kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie kompromissnyh procedur v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2011. S. 8.
9.Chepik M.V. Ideya kompromissa v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve // Problemy otpravleniya pravosudiya po ugolovnym delam v sovremennoj Rossii: teoriya i praktika. Kursk, 2015. S. 223–228.
10.Makarejko N.V. Gosudarstvennoe prinuzhdenie kak sredstvo kompromissa // Kompromiss v prave: teoriya, praktika, tekhnika: Materialy pyatyh Babaevskih chtenij. 2014. T. 2. S. 25.
11.Makin I.O. Kompromiss kak forma social’nogo vza-imodejstviya // Sociologiya vlasti. 2010. № 7. S. 118–123.
12.Kuznecov V.N. Sociologiya bezopasnosti: ucheb. posob. M., 2007. S. 81.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
On the Issue of Procedural Features of Justice of the Peace in the Russian Federation and the Assessment of the Appropriateness of their Reception in the Activities of the Courts of General Jurisdiction of the Republic of Tajikistan
DOBRYAKOV Denis Andreevich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Judicial Authority, Law Enforcement and Human Rights Activities of Institute of Law of Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
117198, Moscow, st. Miklouho-Maklaya, 6, Russian Federation
SHUMILIN Aleksei Vladimirovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Judicial Authority, Law Enforcement and Human Rights Activities of Institute of Law of Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
117198, Moscow, st. Miklouho-Maklaya, 6, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of applying the procedural experience of the magistrates’ courts of the Russian Federation within the judicial system of the Republic of Tajikistan. As part of a comparative legal study, the author examines the specifics of jurisdiction and the procedural rules for handling criminal, civil, administrative cases, and cases concerning administrative offenses by magistrates in the Russian Federation, and compares them with similar procedural mechanisms in Tajikistan. The analysis reveals that most of the procedural practices used in the Russian magistracy are already implemented in the judicial system of the Republic of Tajikistan, adapted to its national context.
Keywords: magistrates, judicial system, courts of general jurisdiction, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, comparative legal analysis, judicial reform
References
1.Gafurov H.M. Sudebnaya sistema Respubliki Tadzhikistan: Sravnitel’no-pravovoj analiz: avtoref. dic. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2006.
2.Kudryavceva E.V. Uproshchennye proizvodstva v deyatel’nosti mirovogo sud’i v svete provedennoj reformy // Sravnitel’no-pravovye aspekty pravootnoshenij grazhdanskogo oborota v sovremennom mire: sbornik statej Mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo yuridicheskogo foruma pamyati professora V.K. Puchinskogo. M.: RUDN, 2019. S. 125–130.
3.Rahmatova Z.M. Administrativnoe sudoproizvodstvo v Respublike Tadzhikistan: sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2017.
4.Staricyn A.Yu. Otdel’nye aspekty uproshchennogo proizvodstva pri rassmotrenii grazhdanskih del mirovym sud’ej // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. 2023. № 3 (54). S. 63–69.
5.Tohirzoda O.T. Proizvodstvo po ugolovnym delam chastnogo obvineniya (po zakonodatel’stvu Respubliki Tadzhikistan i Rossijskoj Federacii): dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2024.
6.Otchet o rabote sudov obshchej yurisdikcii po rassmotreniyu ugolovnyh del po pervoj instancii (forma № 1) // Sudebnyj departament pri Verhovnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/3MYpkn.
7.Otchet o rabote sudov obshchej yurisdikcii po rassmotreniyu del ob administrativnyh pravonarusheniyah (forma № 1-AP) // Sudebnyj departament pri Verhovnom Sude Rossijskoj Federacii [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/3MYpq8.
8.V sudah Tadzhikistana v 2024 godu rassmotreno svyshe 169 tysyach del // Avesta Information Agency, 13.02.2025 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://avesta.tj/2025/02/13/v-sudah-tadzhikistana-v-2024-godu-rassmotreno-svyshe-169-tysyach-del/.
9.V Moskovskom gorodskom sude sostoyalos’ soveshchanie po itogam raboty mirovyh sudej, rajonnyh sudov goroda Moskvy i Moskovskogo gorodskogo suda v 2024 godu // Oficial’nyj portal sudov obshchej yurisdikcii goroda Moskvy, 26.02.2025 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://clck.ru/3MXKpJ.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Context of Forensic: Design Features and Research Possibilities
KARAVAEVA Anastasia Vladimirovna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of «Security in the Digital World» of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University)
105005, Moscow, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5, building 1, Russian Federation
ZELENKOVA Liubov Konstantinovna
Student of the Department of «Security in the Digital World» of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University)
105005, Moscow, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5, building 1, Russian Federation
OGORODNIKOVA Lada Evgenievna
Student of the Department of «Security in the Digital World» of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University)
105005, Moscow, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5, building 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The legislatively approved priority of ensuring national security and protecting the state integrity of the Russian Federation is the basis for building and modernizing current tools to achieve the goals mentioned above, and, as a result, creates new challenges in the field of forensic research. The paper considers aspects of the target purposes, technical equipment, technological features and specifics of forensic expertise in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). An urgent issue in this field of research currently remains the lack of uniform requirements and conditions for UAV investigation in the forensic framework. The achieved goals of this study include answers to questions about the design features of UAVs, such as software and hardware complexes, the possibility of UAVs to be the object of forensic examinations of various types, and the distinctive features of an accident scene inspection initiated by a UAV.
Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV, forensic examination of UAVs, forensics, digital forensics
References
1.Bespilotnye letatel’nye apparaty (BPLA) // Neftegaz.RU: tekhnologicheskaya biblioteka [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/tech-library/aviatekhnika/676518-bespilotnye-letatelnye-apparaty-bpla-/.
2.Ustrojstvo i konstrukciya // Geosca [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://docs.geoscan.ru/pioneer/database/const-module/const-main.html.
3.Popov V.A. Nekotorye aspekty osmotra mesta proisshestviya pri rassledovanii terroristicheskih aktov, sovershennyh s ispol’zovaniem bespilotnyh letatel’nyh apparatov // Kriminalistika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. 2024. № 2. S. 191–198 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://vestnikesiirk.ru/ru/nauka/article/86636/view.
4.Savel’eva M.V., Smushkin A.B. Bespilotnyj letatel’nyj apparat kak special’noe tekhniko-kriminalisticheskoe sredstvo i ob»ekt kriminalisticheskogo issledovaniya // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2020. № 461 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/bespilotnyy-letatelnyy-apparat-kak-spetialnoe-tehniko-kriminalisticheskoe-sredstvo-i-obekt-kriminalisticheskogo-issledovaniya.
5.Vekhov V.B. Kriminalisticheskoe uchenie o komp’yuternoj informacii i sredstvah ee obrabotki: avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Volgograd, 2008.
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Terrorist Act: Proposals for Improving Criminal Law
NIFTALIEVA Irina Alisalamovna
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor at the Department of Criminal Law of the Educational and Scientific Complex for the Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia
400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, 130, Russian Federation
Abstract: Effective counteraction to terrorism largely depends on the accuracy and completeness of criminal law norms, which make it possible to adequately assess the degree of public danger of the acts committed and impose fair punishment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation on responsibility for a terrorist act. Based on the study, proposals were formulated to include new qualifying features in Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reflecting modern trends in terrorist crime.
Keywords: terrorist act, terrorism, qualifying signs, mercenary motive, involvement of minors in terrorist activities
References
1.Kompleksnyj analiz sostoyaniya prestupnosti v Rossijskoj Federacii po itogam 2024 goda i ozhidaemye tendencii ee razvitiya: analiticheskij obzor / M.V. Goncharova, M.M. Babaev, S.A. Nevskij, R.V. Cherkasov, G.F. Koimshidi, G.E. Bicadze, K.S. Nasuev, E.M. Timoshina, N.A. Vedeshkin. M.: VNII MVD Rossii, 2025.
2.Direktor FSB Rossii provyol v Moskve zasedanie nacional’nogo antiterroristicheskogo komiteta // Nacional’nyj antiterroristicheskij komitet [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://nac.gov.ru/nak-prinimaet-resheniya/direktor-fsb-rossii-provyol-v-moskve-zasedanie-1.html.
3.Lazareva N.Yu. Uchastie nesovershennoletnih v terroristicheskih soobshchestvah i organizaciyah: analiz mezhdunarodnyh standartov i otechestvennogo zakonodatel’stva // Severo-Kavkazskij yuridicheskij vestnik. 2023. № 4. S. 139–146.
4.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 17.05.2023 № 358 «O Strategii kompleksnoj bezopasnosti detej v Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tantPlyus».
 
JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
The Concept and General Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency
PAVLOV Sergey Igorevich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Criminal law disciplines of International Law Institute
127427, Moscow, str. Kashenkin Meadow, 4, the Russian Federation
Abstract: Modern society is increasingly faced with alarming manifestations of deviant behavior among young people. The analysis of social processes demonstrates that waves of criminalization invariably accompany epochs of social transformation and economic instability. Especially acute is the issue of growing child neglect, which is a breeding ground for the formation of deviant patterns. Juvenile delinquency, characterized by a steady tendency to chronicle offenses, is a particular danger. This phenomenon requires close attention, as its consequences create long-term risks (for public health and safety).
Keywords: child, minor, crime, crime, behavior, youth, national security
References
1.Gibbons D.C. Delinquent Behavioural. 3rd Edition. 1981.
2.Kriminologiya i preduprezhdenie prestuplenij: uchebnik / pod red. V.I. Avdijskogo, L.A. Bukalerovoj. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Yurajt, 2019.
3.Kriminologiya: uchebnik / pod obshch. red. A.I. Dolgovoj. 4-e izd., pererab. i dop. M., 2010.
4.Kurinova Ya.I. Sovremennaya prestupnost’ nesovershennoletnih: kriminologicheskaya harakteristika i preduprezhdenie: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Rostov n/D, 2011. S. 17.
5.Mironov K.A. Ponyatie i osnovnye pokazateli prestupnosti nesovershennoletnih // Yuridicheskij fakt. 2021. № 147. S. 51–53. 
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
To the Question of the Structure of Legal Relations: General Theoretical Aspect
ZHURAVLEVA Anastasia Igorevna
Postgraduate Student of the Law institute of Penza State University
440026, Penza, Krasnaya St., 40, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the structure of legal relations based on the general theoretical approach to this legal phenomenon. The author draws attention to the need for a more detailed study of the structure of legal relations, which will contribute to the creation of a more uniform approach to this legal category. The author concludes that the structure of legal relations consists of interdependent elements, each of which carries its own functional load. In the absence of at least one element in the structure of legal relations, one should not talk about legal relations, since these elements are closely interconnected. Only with a complex interaction of these interconnected legal elements united into a single structure can one talk about a legal relationship.
Keywords: structure of legal relations, subject, object, subjective rights, legal obligations, legal fact
References
1.Aristotel’. Politika. Afinskaya politika. M.: Mysl’, 1997.
2.Babaev V.P. Pravootnoshenie: sub»ekty i ob»ekty. Krasnodar, 1998.
3.Belov V.A. Grazhdanskoe pravo: aktual’nye problemy teorii i praktiki. M.: Yurajt, 2009.
4.Gom’en D., Harris D., Zvaak Leo. Evropejskaya konvenciya o pravah cheloveka i Evropejskaya social’naya hartiya: pravo i praktika: per. s angl. M., 1998.
5.Gongalo B.M. Kompleksnost’ v prave // Zakon. 2020. № 6. S. 73–83.
6.Ershov V.V. Pravootnosheniya: priroda, vidy regulyatorov i klassifikaciya // Pravootnoshenie: teoriya i praktika sovremennogo pravovogo regulirovaniya: materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 15 oktyabrya 2021 g. Kazan’: Otechestvo, 2022.
7.Kurcev N.P., Goryunova E.N. Pravovaya priroda yuridicheskih faktov // Yurist. 2003. № 10. S. 16–22.
8.Lazarev V.V. Teoriya prava i gosudarstva: uchebnik. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Pravo i zakon, 2002.
9.Magaziner Ya.M. Ob»ekt prava // Ocherki po grazhdanskomu pravu. L.: LGU, 1957.
10.Melekhin A.V. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: uchebnik. M.: Yusticiya, 2021.
11.Obshchaya teoriya prava i gosudarstva: uchebnik dlya vuzov / V.S. Nersesyanc. M.: Norma: NIC INFRA-M, 2015.
12.Pashukanis E.B. Izbrannye proizvedeniya po obshchej teorii prava i gosudarstva. M., 1980.
13.Protasov V.N. Pravootnoshenie kak sistema. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1991.
14.Savin’i F.K., fon. Sistema sovremennogo rimskogo prava / per. s nem. G. Zhigulina; pod red. O. Kutateladze, V. Zubarya. M., Odessa, 2012. T. II.
15.Serkov P.P. Administrativnaya otvetstvennost’ i pravootnoshenie // Administrativnoe pravo i process. 2011. № 9. S. 28–31.
16.Sinajskij V.I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo. M.: Statut, 2002. (Klassika rossijskoj civilistiki).
17.Teoriya gosudarstva i prava / pod red. N.I. Matuzova i A.V. Mal’ko. M., 2004.
18.Tolstoj Yu.K. K teorii pravootnosheniya. L., 1959.
19.Cechoev V.K., Shvanderova A.R. Teoriya gosudarstva i prava: uchebnik. M.: Prometej, 2017.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
The Legal Phenomenon of the Act of Exercising Law in Classical and Postclassical Legal Understanding
KASIMOV Timur Salavatovich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of Institute of Law of Ufa University of Science and Technology
450005, Ufa, Dostoevsky street, 131, room 308, Russian Federation
MUSTAFIN Fanzil Rasimovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory of State and Law of Institute of Law of Ufa University of Science and Technology
450005, Ufa, Dostoevsky street, 131, room 308, Russian Federation
Abstract: The modernization of Russian state and socio-political discourse, taking into account the influence of external geopolitical and economic stimuli, is associated with a number of evolutionary transformations that affect the normative sphere of regulation of public relations, as well as directly affecting the values, meaning formation, and worldview of citizens. In the course of this process, public authorities may encounter a conflict of individual consciousness and qualitatively new social relations. From our point of view, the elimination of this kind of conflict lies in the plane of legitimizing the transformed regulatory and legal field through the formation of a new value and semantic background of society and a specific individual. The main role in this process, as it seems to us, should be assigned to the official and everyday legal understanding as a set of ideological ideas about the essence of law, its system and action. The end result of this process will be a more optimal and effective law enforcement, the legitimacy and justification of which will not be in doubt in the socio-cultural discourse of the domestic legal order.
Keywords: theory of law, legal understanding, classical legal understanding, postclassical legal understanding, act of realization of law, law enforcement
References
1.Sizova N.M. Klassicheskoe i postklassicheskoe pravoponimanie: ontologicheskie, gnoseologicheskie, aksiologicheskie i epistemologicheskie kriterii sootnosheniya // Filosofiya prava. 2014. № 1 (62). S. 77–82.
2.Kontarev A.A. Kategoriya pravosoznaniya v filosofskoj i yuridicheskoj teorii: metodologicheskij aspekt // NOMOTHETIKA: Filosofiya. Sociologiya. Pravo. 2021. № 2. S. 104–110.
3.Romashov R.A. Osobennosti pravoponimaniya i pravosoznaniya v klassicheskoj, postklassicheskoj i postneklassicheskoj yurisprudencii // Leningradskij yuridicheskij zhurnal. 2023. № 1 (71). S. 54–59.
4.Popov V.I. Pravoponimanie v sovetskoj yuridicheskoj nauke: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2001.
5.Skorobogatov A.V. Sovremennye koncepcii pravoponimaniya: ucheb. posob. Kazan’, 2010.
6.Aleksandrova S.A. Pravoponimanie i prava cheloveka: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Vladimir, 2007.
7.Suhobok T.V. Klassicheskij tip pravoponimaniya. Estestvennoe pravo v russkoj pravovoj mysli XIX–XX veka // Voprosy ekonomiki i prava. 2021. № 8 (158). S. 67–71.
8.Ovchinnikov A.I. Pravoponimanie i ego klassifikaciya: osnovnye podhody // YuP. 2015. №1 (68). S. 42–48.
9.Yur’ev V.M. Derzhavnost’ kak ideologiya razvitiya Rossii v postindustrial’noj sisteme global’noj civilizacii // Vestnik TGU. 2011. № 7. S. 51–55.
10.Yur’ev V.M., Naletova I.V. Vliyanie russkoj kul’tury na ogosudarstvlenie ideologii derzhavnosti // Vestnik TGU. 2011. № 8. S. 64–68.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
On the Concept of «Effectiveness Of A Legal Norm» through the Prism of «Lean-Methodology» a Theoretical Aspect
OKRIASHVILI Timur Giorgievich
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Faculty of Law of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
420111, Kazan, Kremlevskaya str., 18, academic building No. 01 (Main Building of the University), office 303a, Russian Federation
Abstract: In this work, an attempt is made to analyze the category of «effectiveness of a legal norm» through the lens of Lean methodology. The object of the study is the concept of the effectiveness of a legal norm. The subject of the study is the approach to defining the concept of «effectiveness of a legal norm» through lean production. The research methods used are general scientific (historical, systemic, and functional), specific scientific (formal-legal and casual), and interdisciplinary (cultural and sociological) methods. The study examines the current approaches to defining the concept of «legal norm effectiveness» in legal science: the effectiveness of law as the ability to achieve its goals; the effectiveness of law in terms of the ability of legal entities to comply with rules and standards; and the economic assessment of the effectiveness of law. The paper provides a brief analysis of lean production and presents the author’s approach to defining the effectiveness of a legal norm.
Keywords: legal theory, effectiveness of legal norms, and lean production
References
1.Kozlov V.A. K voprosu o ponyatii effektivnosti prava // Vestnik LGU. 1972. № 5. S. 109, 111.
2.Pashkov A.S., Chechot D.M. Effektivnost’ pravovogo regulirovaniya i metody ee vyyavleniya // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1965. № 8. S. 3.
3.Zenin I.A. Struktura, funkcii i usloviya effektivnosti grazhdanskogo zakonodatel’stva v oblasti nauchno-tekhnicheskogo progressa: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 1980.
4.Ellikson R. Poryadok bez prava: kak sosedi ulazhivayut spory / per. s ang.: M. Markov (predislovie, vvedenie, chasti I i III) i A. Lashchev (chast’ II); nauch. red. perevoda D. Kadochnikov. M.: Izd-vo Instituta Gajdara, 2017. (Pravo i ekonomika).
5.Lejst O.E. Sushchnost’ prava: Problemy teorii i filosofii prava. M.: Zercalo-M, 2002.
6.Sartaeva N.A. Pravovoj monitoring ugolovnogo zakonodatel’stva: k voprosu o metodologii // Vestnik Instituta zakonodatel’stva Respubliki Kazahstan. 2012. № 2. S. 130–134.
7.Kudryavcev V.N., Nikitinskij V.I., Samoshchenko I.S., Glazyrin V.V. Effektivnost’ pravovyh norm. M.: Yurid. lit., 1980.
8.Kurochkin S.A. Effektivnost’ pravovyh norm kak uslovie rezul’tativnosti pravovogo vozdejstviya (na primere norm processual’nogo prava) // Uchen. zapiski Kazanskogo un-ta. Seriya: «Gumanitarnye nauki». 2020. T. 162. Kn. 2. S. 69–83.
9.Zhinkin S.A. Effektivnost’ prava: antropologicheskoe i cennostnoe izmerenie: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2009.
10.Gambarov Yu.S. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava. SPb.: Tip. M.M. Stasyulevicha, 1911.
11.Fatkullin F.N., Chulyukin L.D. Social’naya cennost’ i effektivnost’ pravovoj normy. Kazan’: Izd-vo Kazanskogo un-ta, 1977.
12.Nikolaev I.A. Koncepciya ekonomicheskoj slozhnosti kak teoreticheskaya osnova vybora ekonomicheskoj strategii Rossii v usloviyah masshtabnyh vneshnih ogranichenij // Voprosy teoreticheskoj ekonomiki. 2023. № 3. S. 22–34.
13.Nacional’nyj proekt «Proizvoditel’nost’ truda» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/np_proizvoditelnost_truda/?ysclid=medymam9df99670140.
14.Luchshie praktiki proekta «Skvoznoj investicionnyj potok» [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/investicionnaya_deyatelnost/investklimat/regionalnyy_investicionnyy_klimat/reginveststandart/luchshie_praktiki_proekta_skvoznoy_investicionnyy_potok/?ysclid=medyvn6xiq579091343.
15.Otraslevoj centr kompetencij v oblasti proizvoditel’nosti truda [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://sociocenter.info/projects/otraslevoy-tsentr-kompetentsiy-v-sfere-proizvoditelnosti-truda.
16.Zakon Rossijskoj Federacii «O standartizacii v Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 29.06.2015 № 162-FZ (s izm. i dop. v red. ot 30.12.2020) // Rossijskaya gazeta. 2015. № 44.
17.Filyushchenko L.I. Ob ekonomicheskoj effektivnosti i pravovom regulirovanii trudovyh otnoshenij // Universum: ekonomika i yurisprudenciya. 2014. № 2. S. 83–92.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
Penalty Clause: a Means of Securing Performance of Obligations or a Measure of Civil Liability?
MARGARYAN Narek Ashotovich
Student of the Law Institute of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
660017, Krasnoyarsk, Lenina St., 117, Russian Federation
CHURSINA Antonina Sergeevna
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law Institute of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
660017, Krasnoyarsk, Lenina St., 117, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article examines the legal nature of the penalty and its place in the civil law system. It considers whether the penalty should be considered as a way to ensure the fulfillment of obligations or as a measure of civil liability. The authors pay attention to the purposes of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations, the specifics of the application of the penalty in the bankruptcy of the debtor.
Keywords: penalty clause, obligations, security, performance of obligations, civil liability measures, bill No. 574640-8
References
1.Sarbash S.V. Elementarnaya dogmatika obyazatel’-stv: ucheb. posob. / Issledovatel’skij centr chastnogo prava im. S.S. Alekseeva pri Prezidente RF, Ros. shkola chastnogo prava. M.: Statut, 2016. S. 120–121.
2.Bevzenko R.S. Veshchnoe obespechenie: zalog, uderzhanie i titul’nye obespechitel’nye konstrukcii. SPb.: Legal academy, 2022. S. 9–10.
3.Mihajlov N.A. Umen’shenie neustojki: problemy kvalifikacii // Rossijskoe pravovedenie: tribuna molodogo uchenogo. 2016. Vyp. 16. S. 105–106.
4.Karapetov A.G. Kommentarij k stat’yam 330–333 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa RF o neustojke v svete poslednej sudebnoj praktiki // Zashchita grazhdanskih prav: izbrannye aspekty. M.: Statut, 2017. S. 177–201.
 
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
On the Structure of the Judicial Lawmaking Mechanism (General Theoretical Aspect)
KHABIBULLIN Ajdar Robertovich
Postgraduate Student at the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Faculty of Law of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Head of Corporate Practice at A2C Legal Law Company
420008, Kazan, Kremlin str., 18, 1st corps, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article analyzes the mechanism of judicial lawmaking. The conducted research required the resolution of a number of tasks, including the establishment of the main approaches to understanding the mechanism of lawmaking that is of a primary nature. The author believes that the specifics of the participation of judicial bodies in lawmaking activities significantly modify the established views on the main elements of the lawmaking mechanism in general and the mechanism of judicial lawmaking in particular.
Keywords: judicial authorities, judicial law-making, mechanism of law-making. the mechanism of judicial law-making
References
1.Ivanov R.L. Sub»ekty pravotvorchestva: ponyatie i vidy // Vestnik Omskogo un-ta. Seriya «Pravo». 2022. T. 19. № . S. 5–14.
2.Kovachev D.A. Mekhanizm pravotvorchestva socialisticheskogo gosudarstva. M.: Yuridicheskaya literatura, 1977.
3.Osipov M.Yu. Mekhanizm pravotvorchestva i mekhanizm pravovogo regulirovaniya: ponyatie i sootnoshenie // Molodyozh’ i nauka: sbornik materialov VI Vserossijskoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii studentov, aspirantov i molodyh uchyonyh. Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskij federal’nyj un-t, 2011 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://conf.sfu-kras.ru/sites/mn2010/section10.html.
4.Kamenskaya E.V. Regional’noe pravotvorchestvo v Rossijskoj Federacii: (Voprosy teorii): avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2005.
5.Petrova E.A. Mekhanizm pravotvorchestva v kontekste sravnitel’no-pravovogo issledovaniya // Gosudarstvenno-pravovye issledovaniya. 2020. № 3. S. 150–153.
6.Sociologicheskij enciklopedicheskij slovar’ / red.: akad. RAN G.V. Osipov. M.: INFRA M – NORMA, 1998.
7.Slovar’ inostrannyh slov. 18-e izd., sterotip. M.: Russkij yazyk, 1989.
8.Reutov V.P. Funkcii i struktura pravotvorchestva (strategicheskij aspekt) // Yuridicheskaya tekhnika. 2015. № 9. S. 622–630.
9.Alekseev S.S. Obshchaya teoriya prava: v 2 tt. M., 1982. T. 2.
10.Semikin D.S. Sudebnye akty v sisteme pravovyh aktov sovremennoj Rossii: obshcheteoreticheskij aspekt: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2008.
11.Sem’yanov E.V. Sudebnoe pravotvorchestvo: Voprosy obshchej teorii prava: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2005.
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Theoretical Propositions of Management Self-Regulation of Organizations with State Participation
YAKOVLEV Alexander Yurievich
Doctor of Political Sciences, Leading Researcher of Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
117218, Moscow, Nakhimovsky prospect, 32, Russian Federation
Abstract: Self-regulation is present in legal entities of various organizational-legal forms. This statement is true for both commercial (companies, unitary enterprises) and non-commercial (autonomous, budgetary, public institutions, state corporations, state company, public-law companies, foundations, etc.) legal entities with or without the founder of the Russian Federation or a Russian region. The content of initiative regulation is dependently correlated on whether or not a public-law entity participates in the organization.
Keywords: self-regulation, self-regulation of management, initiative regulation, organization with state participation, state organization
References
1.Agamagomedova S.A. Samoregulirovanie v ekonomike: administrativno-pravovoe obosnovanie // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. 2023. № 3. S. 140–146.
2.Artamonov A. Samoregulirovanie v standartizacii strahovoj deyatel’nosti // Sovremennye strahovye tekhnologii. 2025. № 1. S. 18–21.
3.Barkov A.V., Petrash I.P. Samoregulirovanie deyatel’nosti kak neot»emlemyj kontekst sushchestvovaniya korporativnoj yuridicheskoj konstrukcii // Yuridicheskij mir. 2024. № 5. S. 18–21.
4.Bykov A.A., Haustovich N.A., Parhimenko V.A. Rynochnoe samoregulirovanie i gosudarstvennoe planirovanie ekonomiki v usloviyah ogranichenij po sprosu i po resursam // Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika. 2022. № 2. S. 53–63.
5.Vechernin D.S. Evolyuciya instituta ocenki reguliruyushchego vozdejstviya: problemy i perspektivy // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Yurisprudenciya. 2014. № 4. S. 22–28.
6.Glazunova I.V. Problemnye voprosy publichno-pravovoj otvetstvennosti yuridicheskogo lica // Sibirskoe yuridicheskoe obozrenie. 2019. № 4. S. 512–517.
7.Korsun T.I., Titov A.I. Samoregulirovanie audita: rezul’taty i poisk reshenij // Yuridicheskij fakt. 2020. № 121. S. 24–26.
8.Kuz’mina T.M. Samoregulirovanie auditorskoj deyatel’nosti v Rossii // Aktual’nye problemy ekonomiki i upravleniya v XXI veke: Materialy VI Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Novokuzneck, 2020. S. 65–70.
9.Morozova I.G., Korsunova A.S. Samoregulirovanie deyatel’nosti arbitrazhnyh upravlyayushchih: novoe v zakonodatel’stve // Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika. 2023. № 6. S. 236–239.
10.Musaev T.K. Samoregulirovanie auditorskoj deya-tel’nosti v Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // Ekonomicheskie i gumanitarnye nauki. 2023. № 6. S. 17–30.
11.Serova O.A. Samoregulirovanie v usloviyah cifrovoj transformacii obshchestvennyh otnoshenij // Grazhdanskoe pravo. 2023. № 3. S. 16–18.
12.Smotrickaya I.I., Frolova N.D. Osobennosti razvitiya instituta korporativnogo upravleniya v rossijskoj ekonomike // Obshchestvo i ekonomika. 2023. № 3. S. 5–16.
13.Sobol’ O.S. Samoregulirovanie auditorskoj deyatel’nosti: tekushchee sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGYuA). 2023. № 7. S. 53–59.
14.Titov S.Yu., Borisova O.V Osobennosti upravleniya municipal’nym imushchestvom i ego vliyanie na razvitie municipal’nogo obrazovaniya // Vestnik GGU. 2019. № 1. S. 111–122.
15.Churakova A.I. Samoregulirovanie ocenochnoj deyatel’nosti // Yurisprudenciya, gosudarstvo i pravo: aktual’nye voprosy i sovremennye aspekty: Cbornik statej VII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Penza, 2021. S. 82–84.
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
The role of Constitutional amendments and their impact on the development of state sovereignty
MAKAROV Valentin Alexandrovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional of Administrative Law of the Faculty of Law of Saint-Petersburg State University Economics
191023, St. Petersburg, The Griboedov Canal, 30-32, А, Russian Federation
Abstract: The relevance of this scientific research is due to the fact that today, due to many increased factors, mainly foreign policy ones, the state has proposed that civil society consider the draft amendments that will be put to a referendum in 2020.
This article examines the nature of the 2020 amendments that are directly related to the strengthening and development of state sovereignty.
This scientific study examines the impact of the amendments adopted in 2020 on the strengthening and development of state sovereignty. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the fundamental principles of the functioning and vital activity of the state and society, as well as the system of public authority. This essential aspect implies that the Constitution should be flexible in certain aspects of legal regulation, but not in terms of changing the fundamental principles of the constitutional order. The Constitution is the supreme legal act of the state.
The author of the article believes that the Constitution, after the amendments, has significantly strengthened the states sovereignty, becoming a modular legal act whose main purpose is to protect and develop state sovereignty.
Keywords: Constitution, state sovereignty, state integrity, constitution amendments, rule of law, civil society
References
1.Andreeva M.A. Sovremennye problemy gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta v Rossijskoj Federacii // Epomen. 2021. № 58. S. 139–143.
2.Belyakova A.M. Konstituciya kak obshchestvennyj dogovor // Probely v rossijskom zakonodatel’stve. 2018. S. 20–22.
3.Bredihin A.L. Popravki k Konstitucii Rossijskoj Federacii 2020 goda kak faktor obespecheniya gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta // Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta. Seriya «Estestvennye, obshchestvennye nauki». 2021. Vyp. 1. S. 9–13.
4.Bredihin A.L. Suverenitet kak politiko-pravovoj fenomen. M.: Infra-M, 2020.
5.Kazahecyan G.O. Gosudarstvennyj suverenitet: aktual’nye problemy // Epomen. 2020. № 43. S. 39–43.
6.Kovalev V.S. Gosudarstvennyj suverenitet v mezhdunarodnom i integracionnom izmereniyah // Aktual’nye problemy mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij. 2021. № 1 (58). S. 13–25.
7.Konstituciya Rossijskoj Federacii (prinyata vsenarodnym golosovaniem 12.12.1993 s izmeneniyami, odobrennymi v hode obshcherossijskogo golosovaniya 01.07.2020). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
8.Lipchanskaya M.A. Konstitucionnaya kategoriya «upravlenie delami gosudarstva»: problema opredeleniya i soderzhaniya // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya: Ekonomika. Upravlenie. Pravo. 2010. T. 10. Vyp. 2. S. 66–70.
9.Murtuzaliev R.R., Alieva M.N. Problema gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta v mezhdunarodnom prave // Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba i kadry. 2022. № 2. S. 247.
10.Napalkova I.G. Sootnoshenie mezhdunarodnogo prava s vnutrennim pravom Rossijskogo gosudarstva // Yuridicheskij vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo suvereniteta. 2021. № 1 (97). S. 15–22.
11.Rudakov A.A. Parnye yuridicheskie kategorii: teoriya prav i obyazannostej. M.: Prospekt, 2016.
12.Simurin V.D. Analiz Konstitucionnyh popravok 2020 goda v Rossijskoj Federacii // Nauchnyj aspekt. 2021.
13.Ugolovnyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13.12.1996 № 63–FZ (red. ot 23.04.2019) // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 1996. № 25. St. 2954.
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Theoretical and Legal Understanding of Taxation of Cryptocurrency Mining
NEPOMNIASHCHII Ilia Evgenevich
Independent Scholar
634028, Tomsk, Karpova str., 1, Russian Federation
Abstract: The purpose of the work is to identify and determine the specifics of taxation of income from mining and the subsequent sale of digital currency. The economic basis for taxation of digital currency is rental income, which causes the collection of tax already at the time of its initial receipt and does not form a double taxation of profits, due to the specifics of tax administration.
Keywords: tax, income, digital currency, rental income, the principle of prohibition of double taxation, tax on mining
References
1.Korytin A.V., Malinina T.A. Gosudarstvennye finansy // Nalogovaya politika. 2019. № 2.
2.Apellyacionnoe opredelenie Moskovskogo gorodskogo suda ot 06.09.2023 po delu № 33-36612/2023. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
3.Gurkin A.S. Nalogovye postupleniya kak osnovnoj istochnik dohodov byudzheta: pravovye aspekty kvalifikacii dohodov // Finansovoe pravo. 2021. № 11. S. 3–6.
4.Nalogovoe pravo. Osobennaya chast’: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. S.G. Pepelyaeva. M.: Pepelyaev Grupp, 2021.
5.Nalogovoe pravo: uchebnik dlya vuzov / pod red. S.G. Pepelyaeva. M.: Pepelyaev Grupp, 2020.
6.Pis’mo Minfina Rossii ot 26.03.2025 № 03-03-07/30265. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
7.Pravovye osnovy prirodoresursnogo nalogooblozheniya / pod red. S.G. Pepelyaeva. M., 2017.
8.Federal’nyj zakon ot 08.08.2024 № 259-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v chasti pervuyu i vtoruyu Nalogovogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii i otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii o nalogah i sborah» // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF. 2024. 12 avgusta. № 33. Ch. I. St. 4955.
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Legal Issues of Digital Legacy
SHTANKO Marina Alexandrovna
Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics
347900, Taganrog, Petrovskaya str., 45, Russian Federation
ZABIROV Alexey Barievich
Senior Lecturer of Department of Public Law and Law Enforcement of Tomsk University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics
634050, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 40, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article is devoted to the characteristics of problems that concern the specifics of the implementation of digital rights, in particular, the inheritance of digital property in modern Russia. The article presents a general description of the digitalization process in the legal system and formulates the main problems concerning the inheritance of digital property.
Purpose is to formulate and describe the main problems of digital inheritance in the modern Russian Federation. In the process of the conducted scientific research, the formal-legal method, the method of structural-functional analysis, and the problem method were used.
The authors highlight and describe such problems of inheritance of digital property as theoretical legal understanding of the object of legal regulation, features of inheritance of an account in social networks, inheritance of digital currency and cryptocurrency. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about the need to develop and adopt a set of normative and legal acts that will clearly define the status of digital rights.
The novelty and originality of this work lies in the fact that the authors have systematized and organized the main problems of inheritance of digital property.
Keywords: digital property, inheritance, object of legal regulation, social media account, digital currency, cryptocurrency
References
1.Generalov A.P. Aktual’nye problemy pri poluchenii nasledstva cifrovyh aktivov u notariusa [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://elib.pnzgu.ru/files/eb/doc/B1VblICoFRP2.pdf.
2.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii / Fede-ral’nyj zakon ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ // Sobranie zakonoda-tel’stva RF. 1994. 5 dekabrya. № 32. St. 3301.
3.Guznov A. Cifrovye aktivy v sisteme ob»ektov grazhdanskih // Zakon. 2018. № 5. S. 16–30.
4.Dmitrieva O.V., Kondratenko E.V. Aktual’nye problemy nasledovaniya cifrovyh aktivov // Vestnik yuridicheskogo fakul’teta Yuzhnogo federal’nogo universiteta. 2024. № 2. S. 76–80.
5.Klyuchevskaya N. Nasledovanie cifrovyh aktivov: rossijskij i zarubezhnyj opyt [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.garant.ru/article/1464108/.
6.Kuryachaya Yu.D., Maloletkova E.A. Institut cifrovogo nasledovaniya v Rossijskoj Federacii i za rubezhom: sravnitel’no-pravovoj analiz // Voprosy rossijskoj yusticii. 2024. № 34. S. 151–159.
7.Osnovy zakonodatel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii o notariate ot 11 fevralya 1993 g. № 4462-I (s izm. i dop.). [Elektronnyj resurs] URL: https://base.garant.ru/10102426.
8.Federal’nyj zakon ot 27.07.2006 № 149-FZ «Ob informacii, informacionnyh tekhnologiyah i o zashchite informacii» (s izm. i dop.) [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12148555.
9.Federal’nyj zakon ot 31.07.2020 № 259-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024 g.) «O cifrovyh finansovyh aktivah, cifrovoj valyute i o vnesenii izmenenij v otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii» (s izm. i dop., vstup. silu s 01.09.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2020. 3 avgusta. № 31. Ch. I. St. 5018.
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
Illegal Withdrawal of Debtor’s Assets
PODKOLZIN Sergey Aleksandrovich
Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil and Business Law of All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow
119285, Moscow, Vorobyovskoe shosse, 6A, Russian Federation
Abstract: Asset withdrawal is an important problem that must be faced in bankruptcy proceedings. Unscrupulous debtors try to unlawfully hide their assets on the eve of bankruptcy proceedings, thereby causing property damage to bankruptcy creditors. At the same time, the development of the legislation of the Russian Federation contributes to the improvement of ways to combat unfair actions of debtors related to the withdrawal of assets. In the article, the author analyzes the civil legislation of the Russian Federation and judicial practice in bankruptcy cases, highlighting the most common schemes of asset withdrawal in combination with methods of procedural struggle.
Keywords: Bankruptcy institution, market competition, liquid assets, unscrupulous debtor, sole executive body, asset rearrangement, allocation of shares, bankruptcy estate, act of state registration, alienation of property, board of directors, loan portfolio
References
1.Federal’nyj zakon ot 26.10.2002 № 127-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024) «O nesostoyatel’nosti (bankrotstve)». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
2.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Ural’skogo okruga ot 17.02.2017 № F05–21766/16 po delu № A76–24168/2009. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’-tant Plyus».
3.Postanovlenie Devyatogo arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 27 fevralya 2020 g. po delu № A40-9303/2019. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
4.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 27.08.2014 № F09–496/11 po delu № A40–33328/2016. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
5.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast’ pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
6.Informacionnoe pis’mo Prezidiuma VAS RF ot 13.11.2008 № 126 «Obzor sudebnoj praktiki po nekotorym voprosam, svyazannym s istrebovaniem imushchestva iz chuzhogo nezakonnogo vladeniya». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
7.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda RF № 10, Plenuma VAS RF № 22 ot 29.04.2010 (red. ot 23.06.2015) «O nekotoryh voprosah, voznikayushchih v sudebnoj praktike pri razreshenii sporov, svyazannyh s zashchitoj prava sobstvennosti i drugih veshchnyh prav». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
8.Postanovleniya Plenuma VAS RF ot 23.12.2010 № 63 «O nekotoryh voprosah, svyazannyh s primeneniem glavy III.1 Federal’nogo zakona «O nesostoyatel’nosti (bankrotstve)». Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
9.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast’ pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy «Konsul’tant Plyus».
 
POLICY AND ECONOMY OF EURASIA
УДК 349.2
doi 10.52068/2304-9839_2025_75_4_197
Электронные платформы для поиска работы как инструмент регулирования трудовых отношений: анализ влияния на разрешение трудовых споров
ЛАРИОНОВ Сергей Сергеевич
Соискатель ученой степени кандидата юридических наук кафедры гражданского права и процесса Уральского института управления – филиала Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации
620000, г. Екатеринбург, улица 8 марта, дом 66, Российская Федерация
Аннотация: Автор анализирует, как цифровые платформы меняют динамику трудовых споров и способствуют их разрешению, а также как развиваются правовые механизмы защиты прав работников. Важно отметить, что, с одной стороны, использование цифровых платформ для поиска работы способствует формированию более гибкого и адаптивного рынка труда, открывая новые возможности для соискателей. С другой стороны, эти платформы могут создавать новые угрозы. Таким образом, данная статья вносит вклад в понимание влияния цифровизации на трудовые отношения и поиск эффективных решений по совершенствованию механизмов разрешения трудовых споров в условиях трансформации рынка труда.
Ключевые слова: трудовые отношения, разрешение трудовых споров, онлайн-платформы по трудоустройству, трансформация трудовых отношений, трудовое право
References
1.Kashpurova O.V., Kononov E.A. Internet kak sredstvo poiska raboty i personala // Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk. 2023. № 11-2 (86) [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru.
2.Rybakov M.S. Pravovoe regulirovanie truda v usloviyah cifrovoj real’nosti: osnovnye tendencii razvitiya zakonodatel’stva // Molodoj uchenyj. 2023. № 1 (448). S. 188–194.
3.Belozerova K.A. Vliyanie praktiki vnedreniya cifrovyh tekhnologij na trudovuyu funkciyu rabotnika i inye svyazannye s nej usloviya trudovogo dogovora // Aktual’nye problemy rossijskogo prava. 2022. № 17(7). S. 91–98.
4.Gulyaeva V.A., Silaeva S.S. Ispol’zovanie skrinshotov pri dokazyvanii v grazhdanskom processe v Rossijskoj Federacii // Yuridicheskaya nauka. 2023. № 5 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru.
5.Salikova N.M., Batuhtina E.M. Elektronnyj dokument kak dokazatel’stvo: problemy ispol’zovaniya pri razreshenii trudovyh sporov // Rossijskoe pravo: obrazovanie, praktika, nauka. 2020. № 4 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru.
6.Apellyacionnoe opredelenie Sankt-Peterburgskogo gorodskogo suda ot 01.02.2023 № 33-5144/2023 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://sankt-peterburgsky.spb.sudrf.ru.
7.Apellyacionnoe opredelenie Habarovskogo kraevogo suda ot 03.05.2024 po delu № 33-2548/2024 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://kraevoy.hbr.sudrf.ru.
8.Opredelenie Vtorogo kassacionnogo suda obshchej yurisdikcii ot 24.08.2023 po delu № 88-19852/2023 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://2kas.sudrf.ru.
 
SPECIAL PROJECT: PRESERVATION OF THE AVRAMIEV MONASTERY ENSEMBLE IN THE CITY OF ROSTOV THE GREAT
Tsar Ioann Vasilyevich «the Terrible» In Rostov the Great
RUBTSOVA Maria Leonidovna
Research Assistant at the Spaso-Yakovlevsky Dimitrievsky Monastery, Chief Curator of the Yaroslavl Diocesan Ancient Repository, Employee of the Rostov Kremlin Museum-Reserve
152155, Yaroslavl region, Rostov district, Rostov, ter. The Kremlin, Russian Federation
Abstract: The article explores the pilgrimages of Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) to Rostov the Great and his contribution to the city’s spiritual and cultural heritage. Drawing on historical sources, it examines the young tsar’s visits to Rostov monasteries, his thanksgiving journeys following the conquest of Kazan, and the churches founded under his patronage. Special attention is given to the Epiphany Cathedral of the Avraamiev Monastery, considered a prototype of St. Basil’s Cathedral on Red Square. The article argues that architectural monuments and cultural achievements of Ivan IV’s reign embodied the state ideology of the «sacred tsardom» and played a significant role in the history of Rostov the Great. In conclusion, the need to preserve the remaining sixteenth-century monuments as unique witnesses of the epoch is emphasized.
Keywords: Ivan the Terrible, Rostov the Great, pilgrimages, monasteries, Epiphany Cathedral, Ascension Church, Avraamiev Monastery, architectural heritage, Kazan conquest, St. Basil’s Cathedral, cultural policy of the sixteenth century, sacred tsardom
Список источников / References
1.https://avraammonast.cerkov.ru

Index

РИНЦ


Импакт-фактор российских научных журналов