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HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

The Bar of the Republic of Belarus: State, Problems and Ways of Development

ZHERDETSKY Mikhail Viktorovich

Postgraduate Student-Applicant of BIP – University of Law and Social and Information Technologies, Master of Law

220004, Minsk, ul. Korolya, 3, Republic of Belarus

Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to show the state of the institution of advocacy in the Republic of Belarus, based on the analysis of the Law «On Advocacy and Advocate profession in the Republic of Belarus» of 30 December 2011 (as amended). In preparing the article the formal-legal and comparative-legal methods of scientific research were used. The article examines the process of development of the Bar in the Republic of Belarus and makes proposals for improving the legislation and optimising the work of the Bar.

Keywords: legal aid, advocacy, bar community, legal aid entities, human rights guarantees, private law practice

References

1.Sobranie Dekretov, Ukazov Prezidenta i postanovlenij Soveta Ministrov Respubliki Belarus`. 1997. № 1.

2.Ob advokature i advokatskoj deyatel`nosti v Respublike Belarus`: Zakon Resp. Belarus` ot 30 dek. 2011 g. № 334-Z // Nacional`ny`j reestr pravovy`x aktov Respubliki Belarus`. 2012 g.

3.Pishut stat`i, uchat novy`e yazy`ki, rabotayut yuristami: chem zanimayutsya belorusskie advokaty`, kotory`x lishili licenzij [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/27256/4388443.

4.«Minyust utverdil novuyu chislennost` advokatov: gde ix stalo bol`she, a gde – men`she» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://neg.by/novosti/otkrytj/minyust-utverdil-novuyu-chislennost-advokatov-gde-ikh-stalo-bolshe-a-gde-menshe.

5.«Neprostaya professiya». Aleksej Shvakov o sostoyanii belorusskoj advokatury`, razvitii i perspektivax // BELTA [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://pravo.by/novosti/obshchestvenno-politicheskie-i-v-oblasti-prava/2023/june/74607.

6.Ob ustanovlenii minimal`noj chislennosti advokatov v yuridicheskix konsul`taciyax na territorii administrativno-territorial`ny`x ili territorial`ny`x edinicz. Postanovlenie Ministerstva yusticii Respubliki Belarus` ot 13 avgusta 2014 g. № 180 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://pravo.by/document/?guid=12551&p0=W21428994&p1=1.

7.Ragulin A.V., Maczkevich N.V. Krizis advokatury`: est` li vy`xod? // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2024. № 4 (69). S. 9–15.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING

Ethical Rules of Lawyers In The Republic Of Korea

BIRIUKOV Pavel Nikolaevich

Doctor of Law, Professor, Head of Department of International and Eurasian Law of Voronezh State University

394018, Voronezh, University Square, 1, Russian Federation

REKHOVSKY Alexander Fedorovich

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Justice of Prosecutor's Supervision and Criminalistics of Far Eastern Federal University

690090, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Ayaks village, 10, Russian Federation

Abstract: This article is the third in a series about the legal profession of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the ethical rules and responsibilities of lawyers. The authors describe the legal basis for the activities of lawyers and the moral principles of the activities of a lawyer. The issue of ethics committees at legal professions is discussed in detail. The role of the Korean Ministry of Justice in the application of ethical standards and rules is shown. The procedure for disciplinary liability of lawyers and entities is examined. In conclusion, it is concluded that the legal profession system in Korea is a unique combination of traditional Korean and Western legal principles. It is distinguished by high professionalism and the ability of lawyers to represent clients' interests at a high level. The system has strict liability rules, which ensures reliable protection of client rights.

Keywords: Republic of Korea, advocacy, lawyer's ethics, lawyer's responsibility

References

1.«법조인 윤리문제, 법률적 제재만으로는 한계» («Voprosy` yuridicheskoj e`tiki i tol`ko pravovy`e sankcii imeyut ogranicheniya») [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/news/77427.

2.손현수 기자. 법원, 정직 중 소송 진행한 변호사 징계 요청 (Son Xyon Su. Sud trebuet privlech` k disciplinarnoj otvetstvennosti advokatov, kotory`e veli sudebny`e iski vo vremya otstraneniya ot dolzhnosti) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/news/94621.

3.법조계 집단이기(利已)주의 뿌리 뽑아야 (Yuristy` dolzhny` iskorenit` gruppovoj e`goizm) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148742029.

4.서울지방변호사회 회보 (Informacionny`j byulleten` Associacii advokatov Seula) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://news.seoulbar.or.kr/news/articleList.html?sc_sub_section_code=S2N10&view_type=sm.

5.김성천. 변호사의 불성실한 변론에 대한 손해 배상 책임 (한국소비자보호원 정책연구실) (Sonchxon Kim. Otvetstvennost` za ushherb v rezul`tate neiskrennej zashhity` advokata) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.kca.go.kr›webzine›fileDownload.

6.변호사의 윤리와 역할. 법률신문. 2024년 2월 22일 (E`tika i rol` yuristov // Yuridicheskaya gazeta. 2024. 22 fevralya) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/opinion/35281?serial=35281.

7.한국 법조인력 양성의 취약성 분석과 공정성 확보방안 (Analiz slaby`x mest v podgotovke korejskix yuristov i mery` po obespecheniyu spravedlivosti) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.nrc.re.kr/board.es?mid=a10301000000&bid=0008&act=view&list_no=0&otp_id=OTP_0000000000009970.

8.법의학 연구 및 훈련 연구소 (Institut sudebny`x issledovanij i obucheniya) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.nfs.go.kr/site/nfs/06/10603050000002017090402.jsp.

9.부패신고, 변호사 통한 '비실명 대리신고' 길 열려 (Soobshheniya o korrupcii, «soobshheniya o doverennosti bez nastoyashhego imeni», otkry`ty`e cherez yuristov) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.lawtimes.co.kr/news/174985.

10.부패방지 및 민권위원회 (Komissiya po bor`be s korrupciej i grazhdanskim pravam) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.acrc.go.kr.

11.강윤희. 변호사의 인공지능 사용과 관련한 윤리규범-인공지능이 변호사를 대체할 수 있을까의 관점에서 (Kan Yun Xi. Kodeks e`tiki, svyazanny`j s ispol`zovaniem yuristami iskusstvennogo intellekta – s tochki zreniya togo, mozhet li iskusstvenny`j intellekt zamenit` yuristov) // 경영법률. 한국경영법률학회. 2023.07. 33권 4호. R. 43–47.

12.서용석. 리걸테크 발전에 따른 변호사의 역할 변화-민사 분쟁 해결 서비스를 중심으로. 한국과학기술원, 2023 (So Yon Sok. Izmeneniya v roli yuristov v svyazi s razvitiem LegalTech – Fokus na uslugax po razresheniyu grazhdanskix sporov) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://koasas.kaist.ac.kr/handle/10203/308356.

13.로톡, ‘변호사 징계 취소’에 “이제 네이버와 공정 경쟁” (Rotalk, «Teper` my` chestno konkuriruem s Naver» v otvet na otmenu disciplinarnogo vzy`skaniya s advokata) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1110770.html.

14. 변호사. 징계정보찾기 (Yurist. Najti disciplinarnuyu informaciyu) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://p.peoplepower21.org/lawyer/.

15. 법률판례 징계사례법무법인에 대한 징계 및 구성원변호사의 책임에 관한 사례 (Yuridicheskie precedenty`. Disciplinarny`e dela. Dela o disciplinarny`x merax v otnoshenii yuridicheskix firm i otvetstvennosti yuristov-chlenov) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://news.seoulbar.or.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2928.

PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND ADVOCACY PROFESSION FUNCTIONING

An Attempt to Protect the Rights of Lawyers by Criminal Legal Means From the Point of View of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers: They Wanted the best, But it Turned Out as Always Badly

RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich

Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of Moscow Advocate`s Chamber, Head of the Centre for the Study of the Organization and Operation of the Advocacy of Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of Problems of Law, Editor-in-chief of the «Eurasian advocacy» journal, Professor of the Department of Law of the Eastern Economic and Legal Humanitarian Academy

450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation

Abstract: It is concluded that the presented project is capable of causing the impossibility of its application in practice for the implementation of the goals stated in the explanatory note to it, as a result of which it needs to be reworked.

Keywords: advocate, lawyer, legal profession, advocacy chamber, Federal Chamber of Advocates, protection of the rights of lawyers

References

1.https://www.advgazeta.ru/novosti/fpa-podgotovila-zakonoproekt-ob-otvetstvennosti-za-vosprepyatstvovanie-deyatelnosti-advokatov/.

2.https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/7230593.

3.https://slovo-zashite.org/text/zakonoproekt-fpa-a-deistvitelno-li-on-zashchitit-advokatov.

4.https://rapsinews.ru/legislation_publication/20180706/284231786.html.

5.https://fparf.ru/news/fpa/osnovanie-dlya-ostorozhnogo-optimizma/.

6.https://legal-report.turbopages.org/turbo/legal.report/s/minjust-predlozhil-popravki-v-uk-i-upk-dajushhie-advokatam-besprecedentnye-prava-i-garantii/.

7.https://www.advgazeta.ru/mneniya/ob-ugolovnoy-otvetstvennosti-za-vosprepyatstvovanie-zakonnoy-deyatelnosti-advokata/?ysclid=m2dr3wcqgq33514091.

8.https://www.garant.ru/news/1409518/?ysclid=m2dr46lzg3411261151.

9.https://rg.ru/2020/09/23/miniust-predlozhil-ukrepit-status-advokata.html?ysclid=m2dr4dsuhj970592787.

10.https://www.advgazeta.ru/novosti/advokaty-prokommentirovali-proekt-popravok-v-uk-i-upk-o-vosprepyatstvovanii-advokatskoy-deyatelnosti/.

11.https://fparf.ru/news/media/minyust-razrabotal-popravki-v-uk-i-upk-zashchishchayushchie-advokatov-i-rasshiryayushchie-ikh-prava/.

12.Petrov D.V. Analiz proekta stat`i 294.1 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2021. № 4 (53) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-proekta-stati-294-1-ugolovnogo-kodeksa-rossiyskoy-federatsii.

13.https://www.pnp.ru/social/v-sovfede-podderzhivayut-proekt-ob-ugolovnoy-otvetstvennosti-za-vosprepyatstvovanie-rabote-advokatov.html.

14.https://www.pnp.ru/politics/advokatov-berut-pod-zashhitu.html.

15.https://kommersant-ru.turbopages.org/kommersant.ru/s/doc/6137628.

16.Obrashhenie Pravleniya mezhregional`noj obshhestvennoj organizacii advokatov i yuristov «Iniciativa 2018» v organy` Organizacii Ob``edinenny`x Nacij, k mezhdunarodny`m associaciyam advokatov i pravozashhitny`m organizaciyam // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2023. № 6 (65) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obraschenie-pravleniya-mezhregionalnoy-obschestvennoy-organizatsii-advokatov-i-yuristov-initsiativa-2018-v-organy-organizatsii.

PROTECTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL RIGHTS OF A LAWYER

Protection of Lawyers' Professional Rights in Russia: Theory, Practice, Prospects

CHERDYNTSEVA Ksenia Sergeevna

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Criminal Law and Forensic Science of Pyatigorsk State University, Advocate of Moscow Bar Association «Your Defense»

357532, Pyatigorsk, Kalinin Ave., 9, Russian Federation

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most significant methods of preventing and suppressing infringements on the professional rights of lawyers in Russia. The study employed methods of system analysis, historical and formal legal methods, method of studying documents, method of participant observation, structural-functional method and other methods of scientific cognition. The author analyzed the concept and content of the lawyer's professional rights, considered theoretical and practical problems of their protection. Particular attention is paid to the issues of interaction between lawyers and state bodies, proposals for improving legal and organizational mechanisms for protecting the rights of lawyers are developed.

Keywords: lawyer, advocacy, lawyers' professional rights, guarantees of lawyer's independence, lawyer-client privilege, interaction between legal profession and state, protection of lawyers' rights, improvement of legislation on the legal profession

References

1.Ragulin A.V. Pravovy`e i organizacionny`e sredstva obespecheniya realizacii professional`ny`x prav advokata-zashhitnika v Rossii i puti ix sovershenstvovaniya // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2013. № 4 (5).

2.Solov`eva Yu.I. Narusheniya professional`ny`x prav advokatov // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2016. № 12 (73).

3.Ragulin A.V. Institut professional`ny`x prav advokata-zashhitnika v Rossii trebuet dal`nejshego razvitiya! Interv`yu s advokatom, nauchny`m sotrudnikom Evrazijskogo nauchno-issledovatel`skogo instituta problem prava Aleksandrom Borisovichem Olenevy`m // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2023. № 4 (63).

4.Olenev A.B. Pravo advokata-zashhitnika primenyat` texnicheskie sredstva v ramkax professional`noj deyatel`nosti: nekotory`e voprosy` reglamentacii i realizacii // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2020. № 6 (49).

5.Pozharova A.S. Professional`noe pravosoznanie advokatov // Ogaryov-Online. 2022. № 1 (170).

6.Ivanov A.V. Pravo na professiyu // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2015. № 6 (19).

7.Reydams L. The Profession of the Defence Lawyer: Ensuring Protection and Independence // Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 2022. Vol. 14(1). P. 137–159.

8.Savochkin O.A. Voprosy` korporativnogo kontrolya za deyatel`nost`yu advokatov i zashhita ix professional`ny`x prav // Obrazovanie. Nauka. Nauchny`e kadry`. 2022. № 1.

9.Zaxarenkov D.N. Principy` disciplinarnogo proizvodstva v otnoshenii advokata // Vestnik MGPU. Seriya: Yuridicheskie nauki. 2016. № 3 (23).

10.Nechiporuk D.O. Problemy` vzaimodejstviya organov vnutrennix del i advokatury` // Gorizonty` gumanitarnogo znaniya. 2022. № 2.

11.Mironova A.V. O neobxodimosti razvitiya sotrudnichestva Rossijskoj Federacii s inostranny`mi gosudarstvami po okazaniyu pravovoj pomoshhi v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve // Vestnik e`konomicheskoj bezopasnosti. 2016. № 1.

12.Solov`eva Yu.I. Narusheniya professional`ny`x prav advokatov // Aktual`ny`e problemy` rossijskogo prava. 2016. № 12 (73).

13.Federal`ny`j zakon «Ob advokatskoj deyatel`nosti i advokature v Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 31.05.2002 № 63-FZ (poslednyaya redakciya).

14.Osnovny`e principy`, kasayushhiesya roli yuristov (prinyaty` vos`my`m Kongressom OON po preduprezhdeniyu prestupnosti i obrashheniyu s pravonarushitelyami, Gavana, 27 avgusta – 7 sentyabrya 1990 g.).

15.Storchak O.A. Ponyatie gosudarstvennoj zashhity` v rossijskom zakonodatel`stve // Nauchny`j vestnik Omskoj akademii MVD Rossii. 2005. № 2.

PROTECTION OF THE PROFESSIONAL RIGHTS OF A LAWYER

Criterion Assessment of the Reasonable Period of Criminal Proceedings: Mechanism and Algorithm for Its Implementation

KUDRYAVTSEV Vladislav Leonidovich

Doctor of Law, Professor of Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of the St. Petersburg Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA Russian Ministry of Justice)

199178, St. Petersburg, V.O., 10th line, 19, letter A, Russian Federation

EGOROVA Raisa Evgenievna

Senior Lecturer at the Department of Special and Automotive Engineering of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Police Lieutenant Colonel

198206, St. Petersburg, Letchika Pilyutova str., 1, Russian Federation

Abstract: The purpose of the work is to study the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings through the mechanism and algorithm for its implementation. The article examines individual problems of theory and law enforcement related to the criterion assessment of a reasonable period. It has been established that the criterion assessment of the reasonable period can be carried out only according to the criteria provided for by the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation; the mechanism for implementing the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings consists of four elements: the object, criteria, circumstances and subjects; the evaluation criteria should include timeliness and expediency. Proposals were formulated to improve certain provisions of Article 6.1. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, algorithm for the implementation of the criterion assessment of the reasonable period of criminal proceedings.

Keywords: criminal proceedings, reasonable time, criterion assessment, mechanism for implementing criterion assessment, algorithm for implementing criterion assessment

References

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2.Arxipov A.S. Princip razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva i ego realizaciya v stadii predvaritel`nogo rassledovaniya: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2014.

3.Ashirbekova M.T. O sushhestve ponyatiya razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Teoriya i praktika obshhestvennogo razvitiya. 2022. № 5. S. 51–54.

4.Bogoslovskaya E.V. Kolichestvenny`e i kachestven-ny`e kriterii razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Sibirskij antropologicheskij zhurnal. 2021. № 4. T. 5. S. 123–128.

5.Gavrilov B.Ya. O sootnoshenii processual`ny`x srokov v dosudebnom proizvodstve i razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Vestnik Sibirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii. 2019. № 3 (36). S. 9–15.

6.Derishev Yu.V., Kozy`rev A.I. Kriterii opredeleniya i faktory`, vliyayushhie na razumnost` sroka dosudebnogo ugolovnogo proizvodstva // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo. 2017. № 25. S. 79–88.

7.Krivenczova E.E`., Gunina N.A. Sistema kriterial`nogo ocenivaniya kak instrument izmereniya kachestva obrazovaniya: tekushhee i itogovoe ocenivanie // Voprosy` sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet im. V.I. Vernadskogo. 2016. № 1(59). S. 159–164.

8.Kudryavcev V.L. Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo kak sfera osoboj zashhity` konstitucionny`x prav i zakonny`x interesov cheloveka i grazhdanina // Advokat. 2008. № 9. S. 12–19.

9.Kudryavcev V.L. Naznachenie ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: teoretiko-prikladnoj aspekt // Rossijskij sud`ya. 2008. № 11. S. 22–26.

10.Lang P.P. Pravo na sudebnuyu zashhitu kak konstitucionnaya cennost` // Voprosy` e`konomiki i prava. 2021. № 156. S. 11–15.

11.Magomadov X.X. Srok v prave: obshheteoreticheskaya xarakteristika // Gumanitarny`e, social`no-e`konomi-cheskie i obshhestvenny`e nauki. 2023. № 11. S. 187–191.

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14.Nuriev I.N. Ugolovno-processual`ny`e usloviya i sredstva osushhestvleniya dosudebnogo proizvodstva v razumny`j srok: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Xabarovsk, 2021.

15.Ozhegov S.I. Slovar` russkogo yazy`ka: Ok. 57000 slov / pod red. d-ra filol. nauk, prof. N.Yu. Shvedovoj. 14-e izd., stereotip. M., Rus. yaz., 1982.

16.Poluxin V.M. Kriterii opredeleniya razumnosti sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva i garantii ego obespecheniya sudom // Reformirovanie sudebnoj sistemy` v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost`: Sbor. nauch. trudov, posvyashhyonny`j 80-letiyu Nizhegorodskogo oblastnogo suda. Chast` II. N. Novgorod: Avtor, 2018. S. 164–174.

17.Poluxin V.M. Processual`ny`e sredstva obespecheniya sudom razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Krasnodar, 2022.

18.Rozhkov D.G. Obespechenie razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo proizvodstva v sude pervoj instancii: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Chelyabinsk, 2013.

19.Sogoyan V.L. Kriterii ocenki razumnogo sroka v rossijskom zakonodatel`stve // Severo-Kavkazskij yuridicheskij vestnik. 2016. № 2. S. 127–134.

20.Sogoyan V.L. Teoreticheskie, pravovy`e i organizacionny`e osnovy` deyatel`nosti prokuratury` po obespecheniyu razumnogo sroka na dosudebny`x stadiyax ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. Rostov n/D, 2022.

21.Sutuzhko V.V. Struktura, principy` i klassifikaciya ponyatiya «ocenka» // E`pistemologiya i filosofiya nauki. 2008. № 4. T. 18. S. 108–124.

22.Tolkovy`j slovar` Ushakova [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://gufo.me/dict/ushakov.

23.Yusupov Yu.M., Gitinova M.M., Bammatgereev M.Z. Problemy` realizacii principa razumnogo sroka ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Sovremenny`j ucheny`j. 2024. № 2. S. 338–343.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Anti-advocate Law in Action: What is the New Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on the Advocate's Warrant Threatening?

RAGULIN Andrey Viktorovich

450006, Ufa, Lenina St., 102, office 24, Russian Federation

Abstract: In the article on the basis of materials of scientific research and practice of lawyer`s activity the content of the Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation from 23.09.2024 № 282 «On approval of the form of the warrant, requirements for its filling and execution» is considered. The conclusion is made that the Order contains prescriptions addressed to lawyers, which can significantly complicate both the advocate's activity and its organization and negatively affect the independence of lawyers and advocacy in the Russian Federation.

Keywords: advocate, lawyer, legal profession, advocacy chamber, Federal Chamber of Advocates of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, warrant

References

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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

About fairness of grounds and conditions of release from criminal liability and punishment

BUNIN Oleg Yurievich

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Advocate of the Moscow City Bar Association

119002, Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek Lane, 43, Russian Federation

Abstract: The provisions of the criminal law on the beginning of the statute of limitations of criminal liability (part 2 of article 78 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and the provision of deferment of serving the sentence to a man who has a child under the age of fourteen (part 1 of article 82 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) are not fair enough. In the first case, as a result of application of part 2 of article 78 of the Criminal Code of the RF, the rights of the victim violated by the crime may not be restored, in the second case, when applying part 1 of article 82 of the Criminal Code of the RF, the right of equality before the criminal law of the convicted man may be violated. These problems are analyzed in the article with constructive conclusions of the author.

Keywords: exemption from criminal liability; statute of limitations for bringing to criminal liability; rights of the victim; postponement of serving the sentence; a man with a child under the age of fourteen years; justice

References

1.Sy`ch K.A. Ugolovnoe nakazanie i ego sostav (Teoretiko-metodologicheskie aspekty` issledovaniya): dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Ryazan`, 2001. S. 204.

2.Fargiev I.A. Uchenie o poterpevshem v ugolovnom prave Rossii: avtoref. dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 2005. S. 14.

3.Dyadyun K.V. Genderny`j podxod v ugolovnom i ugolovno-ispolnitel`nom zakonodatel`stve Rossijskoj Federacii: vliyanie na realizaciyu principov ravenstva grazhdan pered zakonom, spravedlivosti i gumanizma: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Vladivostok, 2009. S. 9, 16.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

The Position of the Courts in Assessing the Circumstances Mitigating and Aggravating the Administrative Responsibility of the Arbitration Manager

PUZANOV Ivan Andreevich

Postgraduate Student of the Siberian Institute of Management – a Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation

630102, Novosibirsk, Nizhegorodskaya St., 6, Russian Federation

Abstract: The subject of the study is law enforcement practice in cases containing circumstances mitigating and aggravating administrative liability, the list of which is not exhaustive. In this regard, new circumstances are revealed, compared with those fixed in Articles 4.2, 4.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, which are taken into account by the courts when making a decision. The situations are considered when the established circumstances allow judges to assess the recurrence of a homogeneous offense as an aggravating circumstance according to Part 2 of Article 4.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, despite the fact that in accordance with Part 3.1 of Article 14.13 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, the repeated commission of a homogeneous offense is a qualifying feature. The urgency of the task facing the court of a legitimate assessment of circumstances in determining the type of administrative punishment is emphasized.

Keywords: administrative liability, aggravating, mitigating circumstances, homogeneous offense, qualifying feature, arbitration manager, disqualification

References

1.Darovskix S.M. K voprosu o maloznachitel`nosti administrativnogo pravonarusheniya // Vestnik YuUrGU. 2012. № 7. S. 96–98.

2.Nozdrachev A.F. Tamozhennoe pravo: ucheb. posob. M., 1998.

3.Pirogov V.Yu. Kriterii priznaniya administrativnogo pravonarusheniya maloznachitel`ny`m // Tyumenskij gosudarstvenny`j universitet. 2013. № 3. S. 67–74.

4.Postanovlenie Semnadczatogo Arbitrazhnogo apellyacionnogo suda ot 1 noyabrya 2023 g. po delu № A60-33013/2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/online/lastdocs/RAPS017.

5.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Ural`skogo okruga ot 28 fevralya 2024 g. po delu № A60-33013/2023 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/38922494/.

6.Telegin A.S., Tiunova N.V. Povtornost` soversheniya administrativnogo pravonarusheniya // Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. 2019. Vy`p. 46. S. 626–650.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Cliché, formalism, transformation of the material composition into a formal one, or a systemic error in bringing to administrative responsibility?

SULTANOV Aydar Rustemovich

Advocate, Candidate of Law, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Tatarstan Head of Representative Office Руреliaev group in Tatarstan

125047, Moscow, 3rd Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., 39, building 1, Russian Federation

Abstract: This article analyzes the problem of narrowing the subject of proof, which occurred as a result of an incorrect definition of the administrative composition of the offense as a formal one.

Keywords: cliche, formalism, formal composition, material composition, administrative responsibility

References

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2.Sultanov A.R. O legalizacii pravovy`x pozicij Konstitucionnogo Suda RF // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2024. № 3.

3.Sultanov A.R. Kak formalizm prevrashhaet material`ny`j sostav v formal`ny`j // Konkurenciya i pravo. 2024. № 3.

4.Sultanov A.R. Voprosy` mezhotraslevoj preyudicii // Advokat. 2011. № 6. S. 34–42.

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6.Sumenkov S.S. Administrativnaya otvetstvennost` za narusheniya antimonopol`nogo zakonodatel`stva: material`ny`e i processual`ny`e aspekty`: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2019. S. 68.

7.Titov E.E. Administrativnaya otvetstvennost` za narusheniya antimonopol`nogo zakonodatel`stva RF: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2015. S. 76–101.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Guilt in tort Obligations: Legislation, Theory, Practice

ZAULOCHNAYA Svetlana Andreevna

Candidate of Law, Head of the Department of Civil Law Disciplines Crimean Law Institute (branch) University of the Prosecutor of the Russian Federation

295011, Simferopol, Gogol str., 9, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article examines the features of guilt as a condition of civil liability for harm, analyzes the reflection of this category in modern legislation and judicial practice, and conducts a retrospective analysis of its definition at the legislative and doctrinal level. The absence of a systematic approach to the definition of guilt and its forms in domestic legislation generates the unpredictability of legal regulation, which is most clearly manifested in the process of law enforcement. The author concludes that the issues of guilt and related categories need legal certainty, which would ensure uniformity and the possibility of achieving a balance between humanity and justice in resolving disputes on compensation for harm.

Keywords: guilt, innocence, responsibility, tort

References

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21.Svod Zakonov Rossijskoj Imperii. T. X. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

22.Suxanov E.A. Rossijskoe grazhdanskoe pravo: v 2 t. Obshhaya chast`. Veshhnoe pravo. Nasledstvennoe pravo. Intellektual`noe pravo. Lichny`e neimushhestvenny`e prava. T. 1. M.: Statut, 2011. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

23.Yablochkov T.M. Vliyanie viny` poterpevshego na razmer vozmeshhaemy`x emu uby`tkov. T. 1: Chast` teoreticheskaya / T.M. Yablochkov, Privat-docent Demidovskogo Yuridicheskogo Liceya. Yaroslavl`: Tipografiya Gubernskogo Pravleniya, 1910.

24.Principles of European tort law text and commentary / Europ. group on tort law. Wien, New York: Springer, cop. 2005.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

The Use of Web Conferencing Systems in the Execution of Foreign Letters of Request

KARANDASHEVA Nataliia Nikolaevna

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Private International Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)

125993, Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Str., 9, Russian Federation

Abstract: The purpose of article is to identify the possibility of using the web-conference system in the execution of foreign letters of request. The following scientific methods were used in the study: scientific methods such as the analysis and synthesis, as well as special methods of legal science such as formal-legal, comparative law.

The absence of direct regulation by the national legislation of the Russian Federation of the procedure of using the web-conference system in the court proceedings at the request of foreign courts attracted the author's attention to the possibility of executing video-link orders in accordance with the Convention on Legal Assistance and Legal Relations in Civil, Family and Criminal Matters, signed in Chisinau on 7 October 2002, and the Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil and Commercial Matters, 1970, which directly or indirectly allow for the use of video-links in court proceedings.

On the basis of recommendations on the integration of information technology in international civil proceedings, as set out in the Recommendations of the Hague Conference on Private International Law on best practices in the use of the video link, as well as legislative initiatives of foreign countries to simplify the conduct of court hearings using videoconferencing for persons outside the state, the author proposed the creation of a unified digital platform for the exchange of court letters of request using video link, which can increase the efficiency of international judicial proceedings.

Keywords: international civil procedure; foreign letters of request; obtaining evidence abroad; web conferencing, information technology

References

1.Bespalov Yu.F. Nastol`naya kniga mirovogo sud`i. Rassmotrenie i razreshenie mirovy`mi sud`yami grazhdanskix del [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://dlib.rsl.ru/01008088490.

2.Konvenciya o poluchenii za granicej dokazatel`stv po grazhdanskim ili torgovy`m delam [rus., angl.] (zaklyuchena v g. Gaage 18.03.1970) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=INT&n=3052#JKCt3FU7TxGnjd8C.

3.Konvenciya o pravovoj pomoshhi i pravovy`x otnosheniyax po grazhdanskim, semejny`m i ugolovny`m delam (Kishinyov, 7 oktyabrya 2002 g.) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_406603/.

4.Kruzhalova A.V. Innovacionny`e sredstva fiksacii informacii v arbitrazhnom sudoproizvodstve: avtoref. dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2022.

5.Mironova Yu.V. Realizaciya principov grazhdanskogo processual`nogo prava pri ispol`zovanii sistem videokonferenczsvyazi: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2021.

6.Portal pravitel`stva Shvejczarii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2010/262/en.

7.Rekomendacii Gaagskoj konferencii po peredovomu opy`tu ispol`zovaniya videosvyazi v sootvetstvii s Gaagskoj konvenciej 1970 g. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://assets.hcch.net/docs/569cfb46-9bb2-45e0-b240-ec02645ac20d.pdf.

8.Reshetnyak V.I. Primenenie videokonferenczsvyazi v arbitrazhnom sudoproizvodstve // Rossijskij yuridicheskij zhurnal. 2013. № 1.

9.Ruzakova O.A. Kommentarij k Grazhdanskomu processual`nomu kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii (prodolzhenie) // Vestnik grazhdanskogo processa. 2015. № 5.

10.Sajt British and Irish Legal Information Institute [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2022/2436.html.

11.www.e-codex.eu.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Activities of an Advocate in Evidence in the Appellate Court

MAYKO Daria Petrovna

Postgraduate Student at Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University

660049, Krasnoyarsk, Mira Ave., 90, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article is devoted to proving in the court of appeal. Various approaches are considered as to whether the parties are active subjects of evidence at the stage of appealing sentences. The conclusion is substantiated that the advocate has an obligation to appeal against illegal and unfair sentences, as well as the conclusion that the defender acts as an active subject of proof.

Keywords: advocate, proving by a defender in an appellate instance, burden of proof

References

1.Itogi raboty` rajonny`x, gorodskix sudov Krasnoyarskogo kraya za 12 mes. 2023 g. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://usd.krk.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=stat&id=147.

2.Mardoyan V.S. Advokat-zashhitnik kak sub``ekt dokazy`vaniya v sude apellyacionnoj instancii // Teoriya i praktika obshhestvennogo razvitiya. 2017. № 6. S. 106–109.

3.Kolokolov N.A. Apellyaciya, kassaciya, nadzor: novelly` GPK RF, UPK RF. Pervy`j opy`t kriticheskogo osmy`sleniya. M.: Yurist, 2011.

4.Kudryavceva A.V. Issledovanie dokazatel`stv v sude apellyacionnoj instancii v svete teorii sledstvenny`x (sudebny`x) dejstvij poznavatel`nogo xaraktera // Zakony` Rossii: opy`t, analiz, praktika. 2015. № 2. S. 58–70.

5.Sharapova D.V. Uchastie zashhitnika v sude apellyacionnoj instancii: dis. … kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2017.

6.Chebotareva I.N. Advokat-zashhitnik kak sub``ekt dokazy`vaniya po ugolovny`m delam // Advokatskaya praktika. 2010. № 4. S. 36–38.

7.Vasyaev A.A. O takticheskix vozmozhnostyax storony` zashhity` pri issledovanii dokazatel`stv v sude apellyacionnoj instancii // Advokat. 2012. № 12. S. 47–50.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Identification of Cases when Administrative Punishment in the Form of Warning May Be Applied to an Arbitration Administrator: Analysis of Judicial Practice

PUZANOV Ivan Andreevich

Postgraduate Student of the Siberian Institute of Management – a Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation

630102, Novosibirsk, Nizhegorodskaya St., 6, Russian Federation

Abstract: This article reveals the features of such administrative punishment as a warning. The general approach formed in judicial practice and special cases encountered in practice are analyzed, namely, when a warning is applied to an insolvency practitioner twice in a row.

It is noted that the offense will be considered committed for the first time after the period during which the person is considered to be subject to administrative punishment (administrative punishment) has expired.

The circumstances under which an insolvency practitioner may be subject to administrative punishment in the form of a warning are revealed, namely, on the date of the decision: the period during which the person is considered to be subject to administrative punishment has not begun (the previously issued court decision imposing an administrative punishment in the form of a warning has not entered into legal force) or the period during which the person is considered to be subject to administrative punishment has expired.

Keywords: administrative liability, insolvency practitioner, expiration of the period of administrative punishment, warning, date of the offense

References

1.Amirov D.R., Ishhenko S.A. Ispol`zovanie instituta oficial`nogo predosterezheniya v otnoshenii nositelej pravovy`x immunitetov // Zhurnal rossijskogo prava. 2023. № 12. S. 129–140.

2.Gibeskul A.Yu., Maty`levich O.G., Nikitenko I.V. Praktika Arbitrazhnogo suda Respubliki Kareliya po sporam o privlechenii arbitrazhny`x upravlyayushhix k administrativnoj otvetstvennosti // Arbitrazhny`e spory`. 2023. № 2. S. 125–132.

3.Deryuga A.N., Shaklein S.N. Administrativnaya penologiya: sovremenny`e predposy`lki issledovaniya // Administrativnoe pravo i process. 2021. № 5. S. 28–33.

4.Maksimov I.V. Administrativny`e nakazaniya. M.: Norma, 2009.

5.Maksimov I.V. Preduprezhdenie kak mera administrativnogo nakazaniya // Yurist. 2004. № 11.

6.Cyndrya V.N. Xarakteristika e`lementov struktury` sankcij norm prava ob administrativnoj otvetstvennosti // Administrativnoe pravo i process. 2023. № 12. S. 40–43.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Notarial Aspects of Consideration of the Borrower's Objections under the Convertible Loan Agreement

TROFIMOV Ilya Petrovich

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Russian Economic University. G.V. Plekhanova, Partner and Head of the Department of Legal Advice LLC «Consulting group «TIM»

115054, Moscow, Stremyanny lane, 36, Russian Federation

Abstract: This article is devoted to the actual problem of the implementation of the lender's right to implement conversion under a convertible loan agreement in view of the borrower's right to submit objections. The article examines the features of the current regulation, provides a comparison with similar legal structures in Russian legislation. In addition, the issue of the indisputable jurisdiction of the notary is raised in relation to the possibility of evaluating objections raised by the borrower. In conclusion, the opinion of the author of the article is given on the prospect of possible improvement of legislation in the field of regulation of a convertible loan agreement in relation to the powers of a notary.

Keywords: convertible loan, corporate relations, business entity, limited liability company, corporate agreement, investment investments, option, notary, undisputed jurisdiction

References

1.Prikaz Minyusta Rossii ot 30.08.2017 № 156 (red. ot 19.12.2023) «Ob utverzhdenii Reglamenta soversheniya notariusami notarial`ny`x dejstvij, ustanavlivayushhego ob``em informacii, neobxodimoj notariusu dlya soversheniya notarial`ny`x dejstvij, i sposob ee fiksirovaniya».

2.Reshenie Vy`sshego regional`nogo suda Czvajbryukkena (Oberlandesgericht (OLG) Zweibrückenthe) ot 17 maya 2022 goda po delu 8 U 30/19.

3.Medvedeva I.G. Nastol`naya kniga notariusa: v 4 t. T. 1. Organizaciya notarial`nogo dela. M.: Statut, 2015.

4.Czvetkova E.S. Sravnenie dogovora konvertiruemogo zajma i soglasheniya o predostavlenii opciona s pozicii zashhity` prav investorov na primere obshhestv s ogranichennoj otvetstvennost`yu // Notarial`ny`j vestnik. 2023. № 4.

5.The State of Global VC // URL: https://dealroom.co/guides/global.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Some problems with changing the type of permitted use of a land plot

SHCHEBLENKOV Maxim Evgenievich

Postgraduate Student of State University of Land Use Planning

105064, Moscow, Kazakova str., 15, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of problems related to the change in the type of permitted use of land in the Russian Federation. The article emphasizes the need for legislative reform to simplify and standardize the procedure, to ensure a more effective and transparent decision-making process. The author examines the problems that can lead to temporary and financial losses when changing the type of permitted use.

Keywords: changing the type of permitted use, land law, land plot, judicial practice

References

1.Isakov V.S. Pravo na izmenenie vida razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`nogo uchastka: problemy` zloupotrebleniya // Voprosy` rossijskogo i mezhdunarodnogo prava. 2019. T. 9. № 11-1. S. 142–149.

2.Mezenina O.B., Kyursheeva O.V. Nekotory`e problemy` pri izmenenii vida razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`nogo uchastka: kratkij obzor // Moskovskij e`kono-micheskij zhurnal. 2020. № 11. S. 2.

3.Gradostroitel`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 29.12.2004 № 190-FZ (red. ot 08.08.2024) // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2005. 3 yanvarya. № 1. St. 16.

4.«Obzor praktiki rassmotreniya sudami del, svyazan-ny`x s izmeneniem vida razreshennogo ispol`zovaniya zemel`nogo uchastka» (utv. Prezidiumom Verxovnogo Suda RF 14.11.2018).

5.Postanovlenie Arbitrazhnogo suda Moskovskogo okruga ot 17.06.2024 № F05-9874/2024 po delu № A40-223881/2023.

6.Kassacionnoe opredelenie Pervogo kassacionnogo suda obshhej yurisdikcii ot 14.08.2023 № 88a-26040/2023.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ADVOCACY PRACTICE

Criminal Conflictology as a Structural Element of Criminal Procedure Law

MASHINNIKOVA Natalya Olegovna

Advocate, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of Izhevsk branch of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)

426000, Izhevsk, st. Zarechnoye shosse, 23, Russian Federation

Abstract: Purpose of article is to study of some issues of criminal procedure as a means of resolving criminal legal conflicts. Formal-logical and logical-legal research methods, criminal procedural conflict diagnostics were used. The article gives a substantive description of the conflict nature of criminal proceedings. It points to the formation of criminal conflictology as a structural element of criminal procedural law.

The article has high scientific value, since it is one of the first attempts to consider the relationship between criminal law and criminal procedural conflicts within the framework of criminal procedural activities.

Keywords: criminal legal conflict, criminal procedural conflict, criminal conflictology, purpose, purpose

References

1.Tret`yak I.A. Konstitucionnaya konfliktologiya: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. Omsk, 2022. S. 74.

2.Mizulina E.B. Ugolovny`j process: koncepciya samoogranicheniya gosudarstva: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk, Yaroslavl`, 1991. S. 22, 28, 83.

3.Peregovory` i posrednichestvo po ugolovny`m de-lam / pod red. L.L. Zajcevoj. Minsk: BGU, 2022. S. 101–102.

4.Polyanskij N. Cel` ugolovnogo processa. Yaroslavl`: Tip. Yaroslavskogo Kreditnogo soyuza kooperatorov, 1919. S. 8.

5.Voskobitova L.A. Problemy` ponimaniya naznacheniya, celej i zadach sovremennogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva // Aktual`ny`e voprosy` primeneniya ugolovno-processual`nogo i ugolovnogo zakonodatel`stva v processe rassledovaniya prestuplenij (k 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora I.M. Gutkina): Sbornik materialov mezhvuzovskoj nauchnoj prakticheskoj konferencii: v 2 ch. Ch. 1. M.: Akademiya upravleniya MVD Rossii, 2009. S. 57.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Criminalistic Classification of Ways of Fraud in Matrimonial Relations

KLYUKOVA Marina Evgenievna

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, the Head of the Department of Criminal Process and Criminalistics of Law Fa-culty of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Russian Federation

ANTONOV Igor Olegovich

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Process and Criminalistics of Law Faculty of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Russian Federation

VERIN Andrey Yurievich

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Process and Criminalistics of Law Faculty of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University

420008, Kazan, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article addresses an issue of the ways of fraud in matrimonial relations as a crucial element of criminalistic characteristics of given crime. The authors analyze the most common ways to plan, commit and conceal fraud within matrimonial relations as well as typical traces of criminal deception under study. The research reveals basic ways to apply data on ways of fraud committed within matrimonial relations to law enforcement process.

Keywords: investigation, crime, criminalistic characteristics, way of crime, traces of crime, deception, fraud, distance fraud, matrimonial relations, marriage fraudster, marriage fraud, catfishing, scamming

References

1.Suxov A.N. Bezopasnost` sem`i: social`no-psixologicheskij aspekt // Chelovecheskij kapital. 2021. № 10. S. 87–94.

2.Bimbinov A.A. Ugolovno-pravovy`e riski ispol`zo-vaniya mobil`ny`x prilozhenij dlya znakomstv // Vserossijskij kriminologicheskij zhurnal. 2024. T. 18. № 2. S. 181–190.

3.Bode-Labrek O., Zbinden R., Langel` S., Brunoni L. Romanticheskaya afera v Shvejczarii: analiz rezul`tatov nablyudeniya za moshennikami // Deyatel`nost` pravooxranitel`ny`x organov na sovremennom e`tape: nauka, obrazovanie, praktika: sb. statej / redkol.: T.A. Savchuk (otv. red.) i dr. Minsk: Akademiya upravleniya pri Prezidente Respubliki Belarus`, 2021. S. 118–121.

4.Tan`kova Ya. Brachny`j aferist iz Grecii razoril bolee 500 rossiyanok // Komsomol`skaya pravda. 2010. 18 noyabrya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.kp.ru/daily/24593.3/760708/.

5.Klyukova M.E. Nekotory`e osobennosti vy`yavleniya i organizacii rassledovaniya moshennichestva v sfere brachno-semejny`x otnoshenij / M.E. Klyukova, I.O. Antonov, A.Yu. Verin // Sem`ya i tradicionny`e semejny`e cennosti kak duxovno-nravstvennaya osnova razvitiya obshhestva i gosudarstva: sb. materialov Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Cheboksary`, 18–20 aprelya 2024 g. / Chuvash. gos. un-t im. I.N. Ul`yanova. Cheboksary`, 2024. S. 160–167.

6.Gevorgyan E.M. Moshennichestvo v sfere nasledovaniya po zaveshhaniyu // Permskij period: sbornik materialov. Perm`, 2021. T. 2. S. 155–157.

7.Komissarova S.V., Kopaneva A.A. Zaklyuchenie braka iz kory`stny`x pobuzhdenij i ego pravovy`e posledstviya // Penitenciarnoe pravo: yuridicheskaya teoriya i pravoprimenitel`naya praktika. 2018. № 4. S. 55–58.

8.Stryukovaty`j V.V. Fiktivny`j brak – kak ugroza nacional`noj bezopasnosti Rossii // Globalizaciya nauki: problemy` i perspektivy`: sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (g. Irkutsk, 13 maya 2017 g.): v 2 ch. Ch. 1. Irkutsk: «Nauchnoe partnerstvo «Apeks», 2017. S. 80–85.

9.Alferova Yu.O., Dement`ev O.M. Problemy` kvalifikacii brachnogo moshennichestva // Science Time. 2015. № 3 (15). S. 22–26.

10.Shapovalova V.I. Fiktivny`j brak v rossijskom i zarubezhnom zakonodatel`stve // Byulleten` nauki i praktiki. 2016. № 11(12). S. 402–406.

11.Stepanova V.S. Pravonarusheniya v sfere mezhdunarodnogo semejnogo prava // Pravo. Obshhestvo. Gosudarstvo: sbornik nauchny`x trudov. T. 6. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskij institut (filial) VGUYu (RPA Minyusta Rossii), 2018. S. 40–46.

12.Pupceva A.V., Kurin A.A. Metodika rassledovaniya moshennichestva: ucheb. posob. Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2022.

13.Kochedy`kova V.M. Moshennichestvo pri razdele sovmestno nazhitogo imushhestva // Social`noe upravlenie. 2023. T. 5. № S 1. S. 19–23.

14.Sakaeva Z.L. Fiktivny`j brak v RF: ponyatie i posledstviya // E`lektronny`j nauchno-metodicheskij zhurnal Omskogo GAU. 2019. № 4 (19) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://ejournal.omgau.ru/images/issues/2019/4/ 00780.pdf.

15.Bogdanova D.A. O nekotory`x posledstviyax krazhi identichnosti // Novy`e informacionny`e texnologii v obrazovanii i nauke: materialy` X mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Ekaterinburg, 27 fevralya – 3 marta 2017 g. / FGAOU VO «Ros. gos. prof.- ped. un-t». Ekaterinburg, 2017. S. 375–379.

16.Dmitrieva O.A., Gulinov D.Yu. «Pis`ma schast`ya» kak sistemoobrazuyushhij priznak lingvokul`turnogo tipazha «skammer» // Mir lingvistiki i kommunikacii: e`lektronny`j nauchny`j zhurnal. 2020. № 3. S. 99–113.

17.Borisov S. Prepodavatel`nicza jogi pozhalovalas` na brachnoe agentstvo: obmanuli na 11 millionov // Moskovskij komsomolecz. 2023. 18 maya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.mk.ru/incident/2023/05/18/prepodavatelnica-yogi-pozhalovalas-na-brachnoe-agentstvo-obmanuli-na-11-millionov.html.

18.Osnovnaya cel` moshennikov na sajtax znakomstv: zhenshhiny` posle 40 // Avast Security blogger. 2014. 17 fevralya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://blog.avast.com/ru.

19.Brachny`j aferist iz Francii, razy`skivaemy`j Interpolom, arestovan v Velikom Novgorode // TASS. 2014. 13 dekabrya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/1644921.

20.Brachny`j aferist iz Afriki poluchil v Tule 2,5 goda kolonii // Interfaks. 2021. 22 iyunya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/773394.

21.Brachny`j aferist iz Nigerii obmanul zhitel`niczu Sochi na 2 mln // Zhivaya Kuban`. 2023. 23 yanvarya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.livekuban.ru/news/proisshestviya/brachnyy-aferist-iz-nigerii-obmanul-zhitelnicu-sochi-na-2-mln.

22.Frolova M. Xorosho zaby`ty`e stary`e. Chto proisxodit s rossijskimi dejtingovy`mi servisami posle uxoda Tinder // Kommersant``. 2024. 14 iyunya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6649229.

23.Sozdanie onlajn-servisa dlya znakomstv v internete «Love and Law» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://vk.com/wall3427170_3745.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Cyberbullying is a New Threat to Society

BASKHANOV Akhmed Magomedovich

Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, 130, Russian Federation

GRITSIANOVA Kristina Petrovna

Investigator of the investigative department № 2 of the Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Volgograd, Lieutenant of Justice

400075, Volgograd, st. Historical, 130, Russian Federation

Abstract: In the article, the authors identify the relevance of the problem of cyberbullying. This phenomenon is becoming more common among young people. There is a high degree of public danger of harassment on the Internet, which in most cases leads to serious negative consequences.

The authors analyzed the causes and conditions contributing to the phenomenon under consideration. The features of cyberbullying are revealed, statistical data from the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTSIOM) and the Center for the Study of Cyberbullying are presented. In addition, special socio-informational conditions are noted that allow the online aggressor to influence his victim.

The analysis of the approaches presented in modern Russian science allowed us to formulate an original conclusion about the content of the concept of cyberbullying. In order to counteract harassment on the Internet, the main preventive measures based on the interaction of employees of the internal affairs bodies and the administration of educational institutions have been identified. The authors have developed a memo for people who have become victims of harassment on the Internet.

Keywords: cybercrime, harassment on the Internet, online aggressor, cyberbullying, counteraction, prevention, prevention

References

1.VCIOM Analiticheskij obzor [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/kiberbulling-masshtab-problemy-v-rossii.

2.Shashova S.V. Individual`no-psixologicheskie osobennosti sovladaniya podrostkov s situaciej kiberbullinga // Psixologiya individual`ny`x razlichij: obuchenie i razvitie: Sbornik materialov nauchnoj konferencii molody`x ucheny`x v oblasti nauk ob obrazovanii, Moskva, 28 oktyabrya 2019 goda / RAO, PiRAO, Sovet molody`x ucheny`x i specialistov RAO. M.: Izd-vo MTI, 2019. S. 56–58.

3.Menyajlo L.N., Matveenko D.V. Probely` v zakonodatel`stve kak faktor rasprostraneniya kiberbullinga v usloviyax global`noj informatizacii // Problemy` informacionnogo obespecheniya deyatel`nosti pravooxranitel`ny`x organov: sbornik statej IX Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Belgorod, 20 maya 2022 goda. Belgorod: Belgorodskij yuridicheskij institut Ministerstva vnutrennix del Rossijskoj Federacii im. I.D. Putilina, 2022. S. 116–121.

4.Cherkasenko O.S. Fenomen kiberbullinga v internet-prostranstve // Molodoj issledovatel`: vy`zovy` i perspektivy`: sbornik statej po materialam LXIX mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. T. 16 (69). M.: Internauka, 2018. S. 99–102.

5.Stukalo I.S. Opredelenie ponyatiya kiberbullinga na osnovanii issledovanij zarubezhny`x i otechestvenny`x ucheny`x // Molodoj ucheny`j. 2020. № 2 (292). S. 218–220.

6.Cherkasenko O.S. Fenomen kiberbullinga v podrostkovom vozraste // Lichnost`, sem`ya i obshhestvo: voprosy` pedagogiki i psixologii. 2017. № 6. S. 52–54.

7.Research center cyberbulluing [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberbulling.org.

8.Chukaeva N.G. Social`naya obuslovlennost` ustanovleniya ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za dovedenie do samoubijstva ili do pokusheniya na samoubijstvo // Yuridicheskaya nauka i pravooxranitel`naya praktika. 2010. № 4 (14). S. 40–48.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Main Directions for Improving Social Security of Minoral Affairs Employees

ZARINA Alexandra Mikhailovna

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Public Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Ave., 49/2, Russian Federation

Abstract: The police welfare system requires reform. Today the legislator faces the following issues in the first place: increasing pay in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; attracting people with extensive experience to the service through incentive payments and providing personnel with housing. Relevant in the context of the modern transformation of society will be the introduction of amendments to the legislation on social guarantees for employees of internal affairs bodies, as well as the development and adoption of the Federal Law «On the savings and mortgage system of housing for employees of internal affairs bodies». To stimulate the work of employees with more than twenty years of experience, return to those entitled to a pension an additional payment of 25% to 50% of the pension amount that could have been assigned to them.

Keywords: social protection, social guarantees, internal affairs officer, salary, pension

References

1.Doczkevich M.V. Obespechenie social`noj zashhity` sotrudnikov organov vnutrennix del kak prioritetnoe napravlenie raboty` s kadrami // Vestnik Tyumenskogo instituta povy`sheniya kvalifikacii sotrudnikov MVD Rossii. 2014. № 2 (3). S. 82–85.

2.Yuzhakova L.S. Social`noe obespechenie sotrudnikov organov vnutrennix del Rossijskoj Federacii // Pravoporyadok: istoriya, teoriya, praktika. 2017. № 2(13). S. 24–27.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

The Role of the Head of a Forensic Organization in the Context of Minimizing Expert Errors: Work Regulations and Responsibility

INAURI Alexey Akakievich

Postgraduate Student of the Faculty of Law of the Lomonosov Moscow State University

119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory St., 1, building 13, 4th educational building, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article deals with the role of the head of a forensic expert organization in identifying and preventing expert errors, and enhancing the overall quality of expert activities. The analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the powers of the head of a forensic organization is carried out, the main problems of normative and organizational regulation of the activities of the head of a forensic organization are identified and described. The necessity of implementing a quality management system in forensic expert activities is emphasized, particularly as a tool for minimizing expert errors, along with the role of the head of the forensic expert organization in this process. The issue of the responsibility of the head of a forensic organization for organizing its activities in the context of the problem of expert errors is considered.

Keywords: expert error, head of a forensic expert organization, forensic expert, forensic examination, forensic science activities, quality management, responsibility, authority, work regulations, risk-oriented approach, standardization

References

1.Antonov O.Yu. Sovershenstvovanie statusa rukovoditelya sudebno-e`kspertnogo uchrezhdeniya v zakonodatel`stve o sudebno-e`kspertnoj deyatel`nosti // E`kspert-kriminalist. 2024. № 1. S. 2–4.

2.Voprosy` organizacii proizvodstva sudebny`x e`kspertiz v e`kspertno-kriminalisticheskix podrazdeleniyax organov vnutrennix del Rossijskoj Federacii: Prikaz MVD Rossii ot 29.06.2005 № 511 (red. ot 27.09.2023) (vmeste s «Instrukciej po organizacii proizvodstva sudebny`x e`kspertiz v e`kspertno-kriminalisticheskix podrazdeleniyax organov vnutrennix del Rossijskoj Federacii», «Perechnem rodov (vidov) sudebny`x e`kspertiz, proizvodimy`x v e`kspertno-kriminalisticheskix podrazdeleniyax organov vnutrennix del Rossijskoj Federacii») (Zaregistrirovano v Minyuste Rossii 23.08.2005 № 6931). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

3.GOST R ISO 9001-2015 ot 01.11.2015 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200124394?section=text.

4.Informaciya «Konstitucionno-pravovaya zashhita predprinimatel`stva: aktual`ny`e aspekty` (na osnove reshenij Konstitucionnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii 2018–2020 godov)» (odobreno resheniem Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 17.12.2020). Sorazmernost` nakazaniya sovershennomu prestupleniyu. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

5.Krogerus M., Cheppeler R. Kniga reshenij. 50 modelej strategicheskogo my`shleniya / per. s nem. E. Turchaninovoj. M.: ZAO «Olimp-Biznes», 2012.

6.Ob utverzhdenii Instrukcii po organizacii i proizvodstvu sudebny`x e`kspertiz v sudebno-e`kspertny`x uchrezhdeniyax i e`kspertny`x podrazdeleniyax federal`noj protivopozharnoj sluzhby`: Prikaz MChS RF ot 19 avgusta 2005 g. № 640. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

7.Ob utverzhdenii Instrukcii po organizacii proizvodstva sudebny`x e`kspertiz v federal`ny`x byudzhetny`x sudebno-e`kspertny`x uchrezhdeniyax Ministerstva yusticii Rossijskoj Federacii: Prikaz Minyusta RF ot 28 dekabrya 2023 g. № 404. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

8.Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka provedeniya sudebno-medicinskoj e`kspertizy` (Zaregistrirovano v Minyuste Rossii 24.10.2023 № 75708): Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 25.09.2023 № 491n. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoj sistemy` «Konsul`tantPlyus».

9.Plesovskix Yu.G. Pravovy`e osnovy` kontrolya kachestva sudebno-e`kspertnogo issledovaniya // Vestnik Xabarovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta e`konomiki i prava. 2008. № 2 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovye-osnovy-kontrolya-kachestva-sudebno-ekspertnogo-issledovaniya.

10.Sivokon` M.S. Proizvodstvenny`e riski v neftegazovoj otrasli. Struktura, ocenka i analiz: ucheb. posob. M.: Rossijskij gosudarstvenny`j universitet nefti i gaza (NIU) imeni I.M. Gubkina, 2021.

11.Surovaya O.A. Organizacionno-pravovy`e aspekty` deyatel`nosti rukovoditelya sudebno-e`kspertnoj organizacii: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk / FGAOU VO «Rossijskij universitet druzhby` narodov». M., 2020.

12.Surovaya O.A. Politika v oblasti kachestva: rol` rukovoditelya sudebno-e`kspertnoj organizacii pri vnedrenii sistemy` menedzhmenta kachestva // Teoriya i praktika sudebnoj e`kspertizy`. 2019. T. 14. № 4.

13.Uocher R.M., Gupta K. Bezopasnost` pacientov / per. s angl. pod red. V.V. Vlasova, N.Yu. Gabuniya. M.: GE`OTAR-Media, 2023.

14.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 31 maya 2001 g. № 73-FZ «O gosudarstvennoj sudebno-e`kspertnoj deyatel`nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12123142/888134b28b1397ffae87a0ab1e117954/.

15.Cerchia R.E. The Liability of the Expert Witness: A Deep Discrepancy between Law in Books and Law in Action in the Italian Legal System // European Review of Private Law – Kluwer Law Online Volume 21, Issue 4 (2013). P. 1091–1104 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalIssue/European+Review+of+Private+Law/21.4/17798.

16.Chad Bray. Ink Expert in Stewart's Trial Is Found Not Guilty of Perjury // Dow Jones Newswires, Wall Street Journal. 2004. Oct., 6 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109700129629236765.

17.Crumbley D.L., W. Eugene Seago. Do Expert Witnesses Have Immunity from Civil or Criminal Liability? // J. of Forensic & Investigative Accounting. 2021. Vol. 13, Issue 3, Special Issue [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357889183_Do_Expert_Witnesses_Have_Immunity_from_Civil_or_Criminal_Liability_J_of_Forensic_Investigative_Accounting_Vol_13_Issue_3_Special_Issue_2021_pp_466_-_477.

18.Ostrezenski v. Seigel, 177 F.3d 245 (CA-4 1999) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357889183_Do_Expert_Witnesses_Have_Immunity_from_Civil_or_Criminal_Liability_J_of_Forensic_Investigative_Accounting_Vol_13_Issue_3_Special_Issue_2021_pp_466_-_477/.

19.United States v. Dunnigan, 507 U.S. 87 (1993) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/507/87/.

20.West v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.anylaw.com/case/west-v-goodyear-tire-rubber-co/second-circuit/02-12-1999/goC5PWYBTlTomsSBYqZZ.

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Consequences of the State Prosecutor's Objection to the Application of a Special Procedure for Taking a Judicial Decision when the Accused Agrees with the Charges Bringed Against Him

IBRAGIMOV Artur Gasanguseinovich

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Forensic Science of Kazan Federal University

420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya str., 18, bld. 1, Russian Federation

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to analyze the consequences of the objection of the state prosecutor to the sentencing without a trial, if the accused agrees with the charges brought against him.

Keywords: special procedure for making a judicial decision, prosecutor, state prosecutor, punishment

References

1.Ugolovno-processual`ny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 18.12.2001 № 174-FZ (red. 29.05.2024) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 02.10.2024).

2.Ugolovny`j kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13.06.1996 № 63-FZ (v red. ot 02.10.2024).

3.Postanovlenie Plenuma Verxovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 05.12.2006 № 60 «O primenenii sudami osobogo poryadka sudebnogo razbiratel`stva ugolovny`x del» (s izmeneniyami, vnesenny`mi postanovleniyami Plenuma ot 24.02.2010 № 4, ot 23.12.2010 № 31, ot 09.02.2012 № 3, ot 05.06.2012 № 10, ot 22.12.2015 № 59 i ot 29.06.2021 № 22).

JUSTICE AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Self-Regulation n Legal Support of Governing Joint-Stock Companies with State Participation and the Role of Professional Associations

YAKOVLEV Alexander Yurievich

Doctor of Political Science, Leading Researcher of Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

117218, Moscow, Nakhimovsky prospect, 32, Russian Federation

Abstract: Russian joint-stock companies with state participation governance, in addition to legislative and regulations, ensured by self-regulatory standards. The scope of self-regulation varies depending on the parameters of the organization. Professional associations in the field of corporate governance play a certain role in the emergence of self-regulation standards.

Keywords: self-regulation, initiative regulation, self-regulation of governance, joint-stock company with state participation, professional association

References

1.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 № 51-FZ [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

2.Federal`ny`j zakon ot 26.12.1995 № 208-FZ «Ob akcionerny`x obshhestvax» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

3.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 03.12.2004 № 738 «Ob upravlenii naxodyashhimisya v federal`noj sobstvennosti akciyami akcionerny`x obshhestv i ispol`zovanii special`nogo prava na uchastie Rossijskoj Federacii v upravlenii akcionerny`mi obshhestvami («zolotoj akcii»)» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

4.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 21.11.2013 № 357 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po organizacii raboty` Soveta direktorov v akcionernom obshhestve» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

5.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 20.03.2014 № 86 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po organizacii raboty` Komitetov po auditu Soveta direktorov v akcionernom obshhestve s uchastiem Rossijskoj Federacii» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

6.Prikaz Rosimushhestva ot 16.09.2014 № 350 «Ob utverzhdenii Metodicheskix rekomendacij po formirovaniyu Polozheniya o Revizionnoj komissii…» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

7.Pis`mo Banka Rossii ot 10.04.2014 № 06-52/2463 «O Kodekse korporativnogo upravleniya» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru.

8.Aminov D.I., Baczanova T.A., Zajceva-Savkovich E.V., Opokin A.B. Pravovaya ocenka nerassmotreniya sudom xodatajstv storon v grazhdanskom processe // Vestnik e`konomicheskoj bezopasnosti. 2019. № 3. S. 320–322.

9.Vechernin D.S. E`volyuciya instituta ocenki reguliruyushhego vozdejstviya: problemy` i perspektivy` // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Yurisprudenciya. 2014. № 4. S. 22–28.

10.Glazunova I.V. Problemny`e voprosy` publichno-pravovoj otvetstvennosti yuridicheskogo licza // Sibirskoe yuridicheskoe obozrenie. 2019. № 4. S. 512–517.

11.Dexanov S.A. Korporacii i uchrezhdeniya: opy`t stanovleniya otdel`ny`x form yuridicheskogo licza // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2024. № 4. S. 21–24.

12.Petuxov S.V., Racheeva Yu.V. Subsidiarnaya otvetstvennost` kontroliruyushhix licz v kontekste principa pravovoj opredelennosti // Evrazijskaya advokatura. 2023. № 3. S. 62–65.

13.Smotriczkaya I.I., Anchishkina O.V., Cherny`x S.I. Problemy` i strategicheskie zadachi razvitiya instituta obshhestvenny`x zakupok // Problemy` prognozirovaniya. 2017. № 5. S. 70–78.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Prospects for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship in the Context of a Special Military Operation

VASILYEVA Oksana Nikolaevna

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Pr., 49, Russian Federation

Abstract: Sanctions pressure and increased international tension could not but have a negative impact on the development of entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation, however, the number of small and medium-sized businesses, despite the difficult geopolitical situation, is growing every year. Of course, these problems are not new: unprecedented pressure on Russian business has been exerted since 2014, when Western countries adopted a package of sanctions that reduced investment in the Russian economy and restricted the inflow of foreign credit. The consequence of this was a capital outflow from Russia, totalling $153bn at the time. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that favourable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses and their growth contribute to the acceleration of economic growth and stable development of the country as a whole due to their impact on the economy, as well as due to the share they occupy.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, lending, legislation, legal regulation of small businesses, planning, forecasting, risks

References

1.Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie predprinimatel`skoj deyatel`nosti v usloviyax geopoliticheskoj nestabil`nosti / M.V. Shatoxin, O.N. Vasil`eva, N.V. Zhaxov i dr. M.: INFRA-M, 2024.

2.Vasil`eva O.N. K voprosu o sudebnoj zashhite prav i zakonny`x interesov predprinimatelej // Sovremennoe pravo. 2023. № 6. S. 54–58.

3.Sorokina E.A. Problemy` pravovogo regulirovaniya bankovskogo kreditovaniya sub``ektov malogo i srednego predprinimatel`stva v sel`skom xozyajstve // Pravovoj al`manax. 2024. № 5(36). S. 25–34.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

On the Legal Regulation of Non-Refundable Rates in the Hotel Industry

BAGREEVA Elena Gennadievna

Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Leading Researcher at the State University of Land Management

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation

STANKOVSKIY Kirill Dmitrievich

Student of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article analyzes the existing legislation in the field of tariff regulation in the hotel industry. Gaps are identified that lead to conflict situations between guests and accommodation facilities. The initiatives of the Government, in particular the Ministry of Economic Development, as the main state body regulating this industry are being considered. Opinions of industry experts are provided and commented on. The possibilities and consequences of introducing the concept of non-refundable tariff into the current legislation are considered.

Keywords: hotel services, tariff policy, non-refundable tariff, hotel industry, legal support of business

References

1.Siluanov A.G. «Turisticheskaya otrasl` stala ochen` investicionnoemkoj i rentabel`noj». 29 marta 2024 g. [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://sia.ru/?section=484&action=show_news&id=461758&ysclid=m0ff15x5sv726339324.

2.Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 18.11.2020 № 1853 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://government.ru/docs/all/130977/.

3.Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 20.01.2024 № 99-r «Ob utverzhdenii Plana meropriyatij realizacii mexanizma upravleniya sistemny`mi izmeneniyami normativno-pravovogo regulirovaniya predprinimatel`skoj deyatel`nosti «Transformaciya delovogo klimata» «Turizm» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_467715/.

4.Proekt FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v stat`yu 32 Zakona Rossijskoj Federacii «O zashhite prav potrebitelej» i Federal`ny`j zakon «Ob osnovax turistskoj deyatel`nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii» 28.02.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/56985880/.

5.Obshhestvenniki raskritikovali zakonoproekt o nevozvratny`x tarifax v otelyax // Izvestiya. 2024. 7 marta [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://iz.ru/1661384/2024-03-07/obshchestvenniki-raskritikovali-zakonoproekt-o-nevozvratnykh-tarifakh-v-oteliakh.

6.V SF somnevayutsya, chto nevozvratny`e tarify` na nomera v RF stanut populyarny` // Seldon.news. 2024. 28 fevralya [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://news.myseldon.com/ru/news/index/308703555.

7.RST: vvedenie nevozvratnogo tarifa pozvolit otelyam snizit` ceny` na 20–30 % // Rossijskij soyuz turindustrii. 13.06.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://rst.ru/novosti/novosti-turizma/rst-vvedenie-nevozvratnogo-tarifa-pozvolit-otelyam-snizit-ceny-na-20-30.html.

8.V rossijskix otelyax poyavyatsya nevozvratny`e tarify` // HospitalityGuide. 17.04.2024 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://hospitalityguide.ru/articles/trends/v-rossijskih-otelyah-poyavyatsya-nevozvratnye-tarify/.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Regulatory Aspects and Fundamentals of Amateur Sports Marketing

SKOROKHODOV Sergey Nikolaevich

Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Marketing Department of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky pr., 49/2, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article examines key aspects and indicators of the effective functioning of the marketing communications system in amateur sports. It presents the legislative status and regulatory specifics of amateur sports as an independent segment of the sports industry. The following scientific methods were used in the study: the method of system analysis, the method of comparative characteristics, systematization, and the structural and functional method. Based on the results of the study, a reasonable conclusion was made that the effectiveness of the commercialization of amateur sports directly depends on the quality of the marketing strategies of sports organizations and economic entities, and the innovative attractiveness of the industry is formed due to the development of an omnichannel approach in marketing communications with the target audience.

Keywords: sports industry, competition, digital marketing, positioning, communications, amateur sport

References

1.Federal`ny`j zakon «O fizicheskoj kul`ture i sporte v Rossijskoj Federacii» ot 04.12.2007 № 329-FZ.

2.Strategiya razvitiya fizicheskoj kul`tury` i sporta v Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2030 goda.

3.Altuxov S.V. Ivent-menedzhment v sporte. Upravlenie sportivny`mi meropriyatiyami. M.: Sovetskij sport, 2013.

4.Lednev V.A. Predprinimatel`stvo v industrii sporta v Rossii: sovremenny`e trendy` razvitiya // Sovremennaya konkurenciya. 2022. T. 16. № 6. S. 117–125.

5.Maly`gin A.V. Sportivny`j marketing. Dlya tex, kto v igre. M.: Planeta, 2018.

6.Skoroxodov S.N. Aktivaciya social`nogo marketinga v industrii sporta // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoj kul`tury`. 2020. № 4. S. 35.

7.Skoroxodov S.N. Transformaciya ESG-faktorov ustojchivogo razvitiya sportivnoj industrii v usloviyax cifrovoj e`konomiki // Social`no-gumanitarny`e znaniya. 2023. № 3. S. 36–39.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Legal Strategies of Russian Companies under International Sanctions

PLOTNIKOV Igor Gennadievich

Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Ave., 49, Russian Federation

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of the legal foundations and consequences of international sanctions imposed against Russian financial institutions. It examines the legal grounds for such measures, including United Nations Security Council resolutions and national laws, particularly executive orders of the President of the United States. The extraterritorial nature of secondary sanctions, which target third parties and provoke criticism for violating principles of sovereignty and legal certainty, is discussed. The article also explores how Russian companies adapt to the conditions of the sanctions regime, employing various legal strategies to minimize negative impacts. Based on a survey of over 50 companies, methods for circumventing restrictions are identified, such as using intermediaries for financial transactions and parallel imports of goods. The findings highlight the necessity of considering international obligations when imposing sanctions and open avenues for challenging their legality in arbitration courts. This article serves as a valuable resource for understanding the legal aspects of sanction pressure on Russian businesses and offers practical recommendations for companies under restrictions.

Keywords: sanctions, companies, diversification, markets, secondary sanctions, strategies

References

1.Karpova Yu.S. Ispol`zovanie cifrovy`x prav dlya transgranichny`x raschetov: analiz zakonodatel`ny`x novell // Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn`. 2024. № 3 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ispolzovanie-tsifrovyh-prav-dlya-transgranichnyh-raschetov-analiz-zakonodatelnyh-novell.

2.Kry`lova L.V. Sankcii kak novaya real`nost` mirovoj e`konomiki // Mirovaya e`konomika i mirovy`e finansy`. 2024. № 2 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sanktsii-kak-novaya-realnost-mirovoy-ekonomiki.

3.Kuzneczov A. Blokirovka schetov i rossijskix platezhej: by`t` ili ne by`t` finansovoj mnogopolyarnosti? [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/blokirovka-rossiyskikh-platezhey-byt-ili-ne-byt-finansovoy-mnogopolyarnosti.

4.Pechalova M.Yu. Razvitie transgranichny`x plate-zhej s pomoshh`yu cifrovy`x aktivov i cifrovy`x valyut dlya dostizheniya celej e`konomicheskogo razvitiya // E`konomi-ka. Nalogi. Pravo. 2024. № 3 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-transgranichnyh-platezhey-s-pomoschyu-tsifrovyh-aktivov-i-tsifrovyh-valyut-dlya-dostizheniya-tseley-ekonomicheskogo.

5.Terri P. Provedenie v zhizn` vneshnej politiki SShA putem nalozheniya odnostoronnix vtorichny`x sankcij: rabotaet li pravo sil`nogo v mezhdunarodnom publichnom prave? // Vestnik mezhdunarodny`x organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaya e`konomika. 2022. № 1 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/provedenie-v-zhizn-vneshney-politiki-ssha-putem-nalozheniya-odnostoronnih-vtorichnyh-sanktsiy-rabotaet-li-pravo-silnogo-v.

6.Timofeev I. Vtorichny`e sankcii SShA na rossijskom napravlenii: opy`t e`mpiricheskogo analiza [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/vtorichnye-sanktsii-ssha-na-rossiyskom-napravlenii-opyt-empiricheskogo-analiza.

7.Timofeeva Yu.S. Sankcii i prinuditel`ny`e mery` SShA v otnoshenii kompanij finansovogo sektora // Finansovy`j zhurnal. 2021. № 4 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sanktsii-i-prinuditelnye-mery-ssha-v-otnoshenii-kompaniy-finansovogo-sektora.

8.Legal Network. Legal`ny`e sposoby` postavki iz ES i SShA [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://legal-network.ru/blog/legalnye_sposoby_postavki_i_polucheniya_tovarov_i_raschetov_po_kontraktam_s_es_i_ssha_v_obkhod_sankts.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

On the Issue of Lending to Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

VASILYEVA Oksana Nikolaevna

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Pr., 49, Russian Federation

Abstract: In the modern world, lending to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) plays an important role in economic development. It contributes to the creation of new jobs, the development of innovations and the improvement of the country's competitiveness. However, the legal regulation of SME lending faces a number of problems that require attention and solutions.

The relevance of this topic is due to several factors. Firstly, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic crises have had a significant impact on small and medium-sized businesses, which requires a review of existing lending mechanisms and support for entrepreneurs. Secondly, the sanctions imposed against Russia also have a negative impact on the activities of SMEs, causing an increase in purchase prices, a decrease in demand and revenue, a weakening of the ruble and disruptions in supply chains. Thirdly, the high dependence of Russian business on imports makes the problems of legal regulation of SME lending even more urgent.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, lending, legislation, legal regulation of small businesses, planning, forecasting, risks

References

1.Sorokina E.A. Problemy` pravovogo regulirovaniya bankovskogo kreditovaniya sub``ektov malogo i srednego predprinimatel`stva v sel`skom xozyajstve // Pravovoj al`manax. 2024. № 5(36). S. 25–34.

2.Koval` V.N. Nalogooblozhenie malogo i srednego predprinimatel`stva: pravovoj aspekt / V.N. Koval`, O.N. Vasil`eva, A.N. Morozova. M.: Rusajns, 2024.

3.Gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie predprinimatel`skoj deyatel`nosti v usloviyax geopoliticheskoj nestabil`nosti / M.V. Shatoxin, O.N. Vasil`eva, N.V. Zhaxov i dr. M.: INFRA-M, 2024.

4.https://rmsp.nalog.ru/?ysclid=m2im6hv4r710400140.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Problems of Correlation Between Geographical Indication and Brand Name

SEDOV Petr Denisovich

Postgraduate student of Faculty of Law of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Ave., 49/2, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the topical aspects of the regulation of geographical indication and brand name. There are a number of features that are inherent only in the brand name and geographical indication. Geographical indications have appeared relatively recently in Russia and are just beginning to become a popular means of individualization. Due to the fact that the civil legislation of the Russian Federation regulating geographical indication has just appeared, and the issues of the correlation of geographical indication with other means of individualization have not been properly regulated. It seems that in the near future it is necessary to continue active regulatory and practical work towards improving the mechanism of legal regulation of geographical indication.

Keywords: geographical indication, registration system, brand name, intellectual property

References

1.Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` chetvertaya) ot 18.12.2006 № 230-FZ // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva RF. 2006. 25 dekabrya. № 52. Ch. 1. St. 5496.

2.Gavrilov E`.P. Prava na geograficheskie ukazaniya i naimenovaniya mest proisxozhdeniya tovarov dolzhny` prinadlezhat` rossijskim regionam // Patenty` i licenzii. Intellektual`ny`e prava. 2020. № 11. S. 10–11.

3.Gavrilov E`.P. Kak nado zashhishhat` naimenovaniya mest proisxozhdeniya tovarov i geograficheskie ukazaniya // Patenty` i licenzii. Intellektual`ny`e prava. 2017. № 5. S. 9–14.

4.Dozorcev V.A. Intellektual`ny`e prava: Ponyatie. Sistema. Zadachi kodifikacii: sbornik statej / Issledovatel`skij centr chastnogo prava. M.: Statut, 2005.

5.Eremenko V.I. Firmenny`e naimenovaniya i kommercheskie oboznacheniya: mify` i real`nost` // Zakonodatel`stvo i e`konomika. 2015. № 11. S. 7–15.

6.Rozhkova M., Vorozhevich A. Firmennoe naimenovanie – «chuzhoj» sredi ob``ektov intellektual`ny`x prav // Xozyajstvo i pravo. 2014. № 10(453). S. 57–68.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Public-private partnership as a mechanism for ensuring national security: the history of development in the Russian Federation and current trends

KABANOV Nikolai Sergeevich

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Business, Labor and Corporate Law of the M.M. Speransky Faculty of Law Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation

119571, Moscow, ave. Vernadsky, 82/1, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction between the state and the private sector in the field of national security. The author examines the historical significance of the state's monopoly on border protection and argues that in modern conditions it is important to involve private companies in the production of products for the military-industrial complex (MIC). The article discusses in detail the forms of public-private partnership, starting with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2012, which created the legal conditions for private business to participate in the defense industry. Arguments are made in favor of the fact that this partnership contributes to innovation, efficiency improvement and financial stability in the defense industry. It is important, however, that in such cooperation, public interests retain priority over private ones, which requires a structural approach in monitoring the activities of private companies.

Keywords: public-private partnership, defense capability, national security, private business, defense-industrial complex, state control, innovations

References

1.Pogudin S.V. Vy`godno li vklady`vat`sya v akcii oboronny`x kompanij? // Finansovy`j zhurnal FINAM [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.finam.ru/publications/item/vygodno-li-vkladyvatsya-v-aktsii-oboronnykh-kompaniy-20231123-2216.

2.Putin V.V. Vy`stuplenie v Sovete Bezopasnosti Rossijskoj Federacii ot 31.08.2012 // Oficial`ny`j sajt Prezidenta Rossii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/16328.

3.Lixtenshtejn E.S. Slovo o nauke / sost., avt. predisl. i vvedenij k glavam E.S. Lixtenshtejn. M.: Znanie, 1976. Kn. 1.

4.Katasonov V.Yu. Fondovy`j ry`nok i oboronnaya promy`shlennost`. Russkoe e`konomicheskoe obshhestvo // Cit. po: Ry`bas S.Yu. Gosudarstvo i bank // E`konomicheskie strategii. 2023. № 2 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.inesnet.ru/2023/05/gosudarstvo-i-bank-rybas.

5.Vy`piska iz Ustava blagotvoritel`nogo fonda «ZaShhITa» // Oficial`ny`j portal blagotvoritel`nogo Fonda «ZaShhITa» [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://fondzashyta.ru/about.

6.Putin prizval uskorenno prinimat` na vooruzhenie VS RF e`ffektivny`e razrabotki // Oficial`ny`j portal Informacionnogo agentstva TASS [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/20903949.

7.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 07.05.2012 № 603 «O realizacii planov (programm) stroitel`stva i razvitiya Vooruzhenny`x Sil Rossijskoj Federacii, drugix vojsk, voinskix formirovanij i organov i modernizacii oboronno-promy`shlennogo kompleksa» // Sobranie zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii. 2012. 7 maya. № 19. St. 2340.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

The Legal Policy of the European Union in the Field of the Development of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture

AMIROV Damir Kamilevich

Postgraduate Student, Assistant of the Department of Theory and History of the State of Law Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya str., 18, bld. 1, Russian Federation

Abstract: In the article, the author analyzes the legal policy in the agricultural sector of the member states of the European Union, as well as its development trends in the field of organic agriculture. Since the environmental sphere of activity of states has been formed and developed for a long time as problems arise related to soil depletion, deterioration of water and atmospheric air quality and, as a result, with the awareness of society of the importance of solving environmental problems and the need to take coordinated measures and decisions to prevent degradation of environmental resources, loss of their ability to self-repair.

In the modern world, over the past decades, the problem of the development of ecological agriculture in the context of ensuring environmental safety and rational use of natural resources has been a key area of cooperation between States at all levels of interaction and continues to be the focus of attention both at the national and international levels. The leading countries of the world have embarked on an environmentally oriented, resource-saving approach in the implementation of economic activities, including in the agricultural sector. Thus, today, in modern conditions of management and development of the agricultural sector, more and more attention is paid to organic agriculture.

The article is based on the materials of the scientific qualification work previously performed by the author.

Keywords: Organic agriculture, European Union law, common agricultural policy of the European Union, greening of agriculture in the EU

References

1.Amirov D.K. Pravovoe regulirovanie proizvodstva i ispol`zovaniya bioudobrenij v ES: znachenie dlya RF: nauchno-kvalifikacionnaya rabota / Kazanskij (Privolzhskij) federal`ny`j universitet. Kazan`, 2023.

2.Xomenchuk A.V. Tendencii razvitiya organicheskogo agrarnogo proizvodstva v stranax Evropejskogo Soyuza // Problemy` e`konomiki. 2011. № 1 (12) [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tendentsii-razvitiya-organicheskogo-agrarnogo-proizvodstva-v-stranah-evropeyskogo-soyuza.

3.Codex Alimentarius. International food standards [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/.

4.Akimova Yu.A., Kovalenko E.G. Organicheskoe sel`skoe xozyajstvo v ES dlya obespecheniya prioritetov edinoj agrarnoj politiki // Sovremenny`e problemy` nauki i obrazovaniya. 2015. № 2–3 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=23966.

5.Organicheskij nacional`ny`j soyuz. Organicheskoe sel`skoe xozyajstvo v ES [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://rosorganic.ru/news/jhufy.html?ysclid=ldwu0tl2lr6731326.

6.Svechnikova T.M. Mexanizm regulirovaniya proizvodstva organicheskoj produkcii za rubezhom i v Rossijskoj Federacii // Moskovskij e`konomicheskij zhurnal. 2019. № 8 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mehanizm-regulirovaniya-proizvodstva-organicheskoy-produktsii-za-rubezhom-i-v-rossiyskoy-federatsii.

7.Polushkina T.M. Sostoyanie i tendencii razvitiya organicheskogo sel`skogo xozyajstva v stranax Evropy` [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://eee-region.ru/article/4906/?ysclid=ldybth2r85829564627.

8.Eureporter. Sel`Skoe Хozyajstvo. Evropejskaya zelenaya sdelka: Komissiya predstavlyaet dejstviya po uvelicheniyu organicheskogo proizvodstva [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://ru.eureporter.co/economy/agriculture/2021/03/26/european-green-deal-commission-presents-actions-to-boost-organic-production/?ysclid=le1he1g5np7046563.

9.Soyuz organicheskogo zemledeliya. ES uvelichivaet ploshhadi pod organicheskoe sel`skoe xozyajstvo na 25 % k 2030 godu [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://soz.bio/es-uvelichivaet-ploshhadi-pod-organiches/?ysclid=ldyg0h96ts538633901.

10.Wilier Helga and Julia Lernoud (Eds.) (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2016. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, and IFOAM – Organics International, Bonn. Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Area, Producers, Markets, and Selected Crops.

11.Organika v Evrope: perspektivy` i tendencii, 2016 g. EU, FiBL, Marche Polytechnic University and Naturland.

12.Soyuz agronomicheskogo zemledeliya. Ry`nok organicheskix produktov v Evrope dostig bolee 40,7 mlrd evro v 2018 godu [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://soz.bio/rynok-organicheskikh-produktov-v-evrop/?ysclid=le1fzna3li820815447.

13.Dogovor o funkcionirovanii Evropejskogo Soyuza (Rim, 25 marta 1957 g.) (v redakcii Lissabonskogo dogovora 2007 g.) (2016/C202/01). St. 157.

14.Reshenie № 1386/2013/EU Evropejskogo parlamenta i Soveta ot 20 noyabrya 2013 goda o Programme dejstvij po oxrane okruzhayushhej sredy` Evropejskogo soyuza do 2020 goda «Zhit` xorosho, v predelax nashej planety`» (OJ L 354, 28.12.2013, p. 171).

15.The European environment – state and outlook 2020. Knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/soer-2020.

16.Dubovik O.L., Kremer L., Lyubbe-Vol`ff G. E`kologicheskoe pravo / otv. red. O.L. Dubovik. 2-e izd. M.: E`ksmo, 2007. S. 271–272.

17.Kramer L. EC Enviromental Law. 4 Ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2000. P. 89.

18.Dhondt N. Integration of Enviromental Protection into other EC Policies. Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2003. P. 199–290.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

On The Issue of Legal Regulation of Youth Unemployment

NOVITSKAYA Ludmila Yurevna

Сandidate of Pedagogocal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Activity of the Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky ave., 49, Russian Federation

Abstract: In the modern world, the problem of unemployment is becoming particularly relevant, affecting all segments of the population, but it is especially acute for young people just starting their professional path. Youth unemployment can lead to serious social and economic consequences, such as lower living standards, increased crime and loss of professional skills and qualifications. Youth employment is becoming more difficult in the context of the global financial crisis, which has caused a decrease in investment activity, as well as an increase in unemployment.

Keywords: Labor legislation, unemployment, youth, sanctions, employer, employment

References

1.Vasil`eva O.N. K voprosu o nedostatkax gosudarstvennogo kontrolya predprinimatel`skoj deyatel`nosti v Rossijskoj Federacii // Muromcevskie chteniya. Neopredelennosti prava v doktrine, zakonodatel`stve i yuridicheskoj praktike: sbornik nauchny`x trudov, Moskva, 23 aprelya 2021 goda. M.: Rossijskij gosudarstvenny`j gumanitarny`j universitet, 2021. S. 91–98.

2.Noviczkaya L.Yu. K voprosu o celevom obuchenii // Pravovoj al`manax. 2024. № 5(36). S. 68–70.

3.Davy`dova A.V. Molodezhnoe predprinimatel`stvo kak novy`j vektor razvitiya e`konomiki // Legal Bulletin. 2019. T. 4. № 1. S. 48–52.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Principles of Information and Legal Support for the Digital Economy

RUSTAMOV Pavel Anvarovich

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Legal Informatics, Information and Digital Law of Faculty of Law Lomonosov Moscow State University

Moscow, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 13, Russian Federation

Abstract: The purpose of the work is to rethink legal structures and the role of law in the digital economy and to develop effective mechanisms for their regulation. The article uses methods of system analysis, comparative law and theoretical research. The current challenges related to the need to adapt the legal system to the rapidly changing conditions of digitalization, as well as the need to create new norms and standards for effective regulation, are considered. The role of the state as a driving force of change in the context of the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a new infrastructure for the provision of services is discussed. There are two main positions among legal scholars regarding the principles of information and legal support for the digital economy: some researchers advocate the use of existing legislation, while others consider this approach insufficiently justified. The importance of the work lies in the need for constant analysis and adaptation of the legal system to the conditions of the digital economy, which emphasizes the importance of regulatory regulation for sustainable development in this area.

Keywords: principle of law, digital imperative, digital economy, cloud service, digital cluster.

References

1.Karczxiya A.A. Legaltech kak osnova cifrovoj pravovoj e`kosistemy` // LegalTech v sfere predprinimatel`skoj deyatel`nosti: monografiya. M., 2024. S. 26–33.

2.Karczxiya A.A. Grazhdansko-pravovaya model` regulirovaniya cifrovy`x texnologij: dis. ... d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 2019.

3.Kirsanova E.E. Informaciya kak ob``ekt grazhdanskix prav // Yuridicheskaya nauka v XXI veke: aktual`ny`e problemy` i perspektivy` ix reshenij: sbornik nauchny`x statej po itogam raboty` chetvertogo kruglogo stola so vserossijskim i mezhdunarodny`m uchastiem / Donskoj gosudarstvenny`j texnicheskij universitet. Shaxty`, 2020. S. 51–54.

4.Kirsanova E.E. Obzor osnovny`x teorij opredeleniya pravovogo rezhima ob``ektov, sozdanny`x iskusstvenny`m intellektom // Zakon. 2023. № 9. S. 36–46.

5.Kirsanova E.E. Pravovoe regulirovanie oborota prav na rezul`taty` intellektual`noj deyatel`nosti v cifrovoj e`konomike: dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk. M., 2021.

6.Mankevich I.P. Principy` pravovogo regulirovaniya cifrovoj e`konomiki v kontekste sozdaniya novoj regulyatornoj pravovoj sredy` // Pravo v sovremennom belorusskom obshhestve: sbornik nauchny`x trudov / redkoll.: N.A. Karpovich (gl. red.) i dr. Minsk, 2022. S. 498–505.

7.Musalov M.A. Cifrovaya e`poxa: problemy` i osobennosti vzaimodejstviya publichnogo i chastnogo prava // Agrarnoe i zemel`noe pravo. 2024. № 1 (229). S. 134–137.

8.Pogorel`cev A.S. Analiz normativno-pravogo regulirovaniya cifrovy`x klasterov v Rossijskoj Federacii // Texniko-texnologicheskie problemy` servisa. 2024. № 1 (67). S. 72–78.

9.Rozhkova M.A. O pravovy`x aspektax ispol`zovaniya texnologij: LegalTech i LawTech // Xozyajstvo i pravo. 2020. № 3. S. 3–11.

POLICY AND ECONOMY OF ЕURASIA

Legal Culture as a Paradigmatic Phenomenon: a Comparative Analysis

SIROTKIN Alexander Alekseevich

Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Russian University of Justice and Notary

107120, Moscow, Malyy Poluyaroslavskiy Lane, 3/5, bldg. 1, Russian Federation

Abstract: In a multipolar world, legal culture requires a comprehensive analysis that takes into account the socio-economic and cultural contexts of the countries of the West, Asia, and Russia. Despite numerous existing studies on individual aspects of legal culture, comparative research on these models remains rare. Analyzing historical and cultural differences will allow for the improvement of legal systems by utilizing valuable international practices. Western legal culture, associated with democracy and the rule of law, demonstrates a high level of legal consciousness. In Asia, legal culture is based on collectivism and traditions, which is reflected in the support for the legal system in China and Japan. Russian legal culture combines Eastern and Western traditions and shows an increase in trust towards state institutions, such as the presidency and the army, thereby strengthening the social well-being of citizens. The study emphasizes the importance of experience exchange and international cooperation in forming sustainable and just legal systems.

Keywords: multipolar world, legal culture, legal consciousness, Asia, West, comparative study

References

1.Adaeva O.V. Pravovaya kul`tura rebenka: strukturny`e komponenty` i faktory` formirovaniya / O.V. Adaeva, O.V. Kupczova, T.V. Xudojkina // Teoriya i praktika obshhestvennogo razvitiya. 2023. № 10(186). S. 203–208.

2.Bagreeva E.G., Borovkova A.V. O pravovom obespechenii prav i svobod cheloveka v novy`x geopoliticheskix usloviyax // Obrazovanie i pravo. 2024. № 5. S. 54–57.

3.Van Xuk M. Evropejskie pravovy`e kul`tury` v kontekste globalizacii. V chest` Andreya Polyakova // Pravovedenie. 2014. № 6 (317). S. 144–147.

4.Medvedev V.A. Vliyanie zakonotvorchestva i zakonodatel`stva na povy`shenie pravovoj kul`tury` // Chuvashskij gumanitarny`j vestnik. 2023. № 18. S. 171–176.

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6.Osakve K. Amerikanskaya pravovaya kul`tura: rodovaya specifika i otraslevy`e raznovidnosti // Pravo i upravlenie. XXI vek. 2007. № 2(5). S. 75–85.

7.Rejtingi doveriya politikam, ocenki raboty` Prezidenta i Pravitel`stva, podderzhka politicheskix partij [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/reitingi-doverija-politikam-ocenki-raboty-prezidenta-i-pravitelstva-podderzhka-politicheskikh-partii-27092024.

8.Skurko E.V. Pravovy`e sistemy` gosudarstv Azii: tradicii i sovremennost` // Social`ny`e i gumanitarny`e nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Seriya 4: Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2022. № 4. S. 170–178.

9.Sy`ry`x V.M. Pravovaya kul`tura obshhestva – ob``ektivnaya osnova dejstvuyushhego zakonodatel`stva // Pravovaya kul`tura. 2023. № 2(53). S. 30–40.

10.Kyodo: rejting podderzhki pravitel`stva Yaponii ostaetsya na rekordno nizkom urovne [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/19895521.

11.U.S. Elections & Voters [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/politics-policy/us-elections-voters/.

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LAW SCIENCE AND PRACTICE

The religious origins of the legal culture of youth

KOSTYUK Mikhail Fedorovich

Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor of the Department of Economic and Financial Investigations of the Higher School of Public Audit of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

119234, Moscow, Leninskie gory, 1, building 13, Russian Federation

Abstract: The article considers religion as a worldview that influences human behavior, analyzes its functions, causes of occurrence and development. The conclusion is substantiated that religious beliefs, which form the spiritual basis of a person's cultural code, have an impact on legal culture. This is reflected in criminal and civil legislation and other branches of law.

Keywords: religion, Christianity, worldview, content, norm, culture, source, law.

References

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13.Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 09.11.2022 № 809 «Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoj politiki po soxraneniyu i ukrepleniyu tradicionny`x rossijskix duxovno-nravstvenny`x cennostej».

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ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LAW SCIENCE AND PRACTICE

Citizenship of a foreign state in the activities of a notary: practical and theoretical issues of restrictions on the constitutional rights of a citizen of the Russian Federation

VASYUCHKOVA Oksana Andreevna

Candidate of Law, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Public Law, Faculty of Law of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, General Director of the autonomous non-profit organization «Scientific research cluster in the field of science, education, law «REPUTATION»

125167, Moscow, Leningradsky Ave, 49/2, Russian Federation

Abstract: The author, with a systematic interpretation, analyzing paragraph 1 of Part 2 of Article 2 of the Fundamentals of Legislation on the notary, comes to the conclusion about its discriminatory nature, which manifests itself in an unjustified restriction of the constitutional rights of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The presence of citizenship (citizenship) of a foreign state or foreign states at a notary is interpreted by judicial authorities as a condition prohibiting citizens of the Russian Federation from having the right to participate in the management of state affairs and to be full subjects of democracy. Using universal (general scientific and scientific-logical) methods, the formal legal method of scientific cognition, the constitutional principles and their implementation are considered and analyzed, within the framework of legal regulation of the emerging corporate legal relations between a member of the notary chamber (notary) and the notary chamber.

Keywords: second citizenship, citizenship (citizenship) of a foreign state, deprivation of the right to engage in notarial activity, discriminatory nature, constitutional rights

References

1.Osnovy` zakonodatel`stva Rossijskoj Federacii o notariate ot 11 fevralya 1993 g. № 4462-1 (utv. VS RF 11.02.1993 № 4462-1) (red. 29.12.2014) // Vedomosti SND i VS RF. 1993. 11 marta. № 10. St. 357 [E`lektronny`j resurs]. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/9003670.

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